Chapter 5 Flashcards
Compensatory-Response Model
A model of conditioning in which a CS that has been repeatedly associated with the primary response (A-process) to a US will eventually come to elicit a compensatory response (B-process)
Aversion Therapy
A form of behavior therapy that attempts to reduce the attractiveness of a desired event by associating it with an aversive stimulus
Counterconditioning
The procedure whereby a CS that elicits one type of response is associated with an event that elicits an incompatible response
Flooding Therapy
A behavioral treatment for phobias that involves prolonged exposure to a feared stimulus, thereby providing maximal opportunity for the conditioned fear response to be extinguished
Incubation
The strengthening of a conditioned fear response as a result of brief exposures to the aversive CS
Overexpectation Effect
The decrease in the CR that occurs when two separately conditioned CSs are combined into a compound stimulus for further pairings with the US
Preparatory-Response Theory
A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the US
Preparedness
An inherited predisposition within a species to learn certain kinds of associations more easily than others
Reciprocal Inhibition
The process whereby certain responses are incompatible with each other, and the occurrence of one response necessarily inhibits the other
Rescorla-Wagner Theory
A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that a given US can support only so much conditioning and that this amount of conditioning must be distributed among the various CSs available
Selective Sensitization
An increase in one’s reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus following exposure to an unrelated stressful event
S-R (stimulus-response) Model
As applied to classical conditioning, this model assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the UR and therefore comes to elicit the same response as the UR
S-S (Stimulus-Stimulus) Model
A model of classical conditioning that assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the US, and therefore comes to elicit a response that is related to that US
Stimulus-Substitution Theory
A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the CS acts as a substitute for the US
Systematic Desensitization
A behavioral treatment for phobias that involves pairing relaxation with a secession of stimuli that elicit increasing levels of fear
