Chapter 4

Question 0

Blocking

Answer 0

The phenomenon whereby the presence of an established conditioned stimulus interferes with conditioning of a new conditioned stimulus

Question 1

Acquisition

Answer 1

The process of developing and strengthening a conditioned response through repeated pairings of neutral stimulus (or conditioned stimulus) with an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 2

Compound Stimulus

Answer 2

A complex stimulus that consists of the simultaneous presentation of two or more individual stimuli.

Question 3

Disinhibition

Answer 3

The sudden recovery of a response during an extinction procedure when a novel stimulus is introduced

Question 4

Experimental Neurosis

Answer 4

An experimentally produced disorder in which animals exposed to unpredictable events develop neurotic-like symptoms

Question 5

External Inhibition

Answer 5

A decrease in the strength of the conditioned response due to the presentation of a novel stimulus at the same time as the conditioned stimulus

Question 6

Extinction

Answer 6

The process whereby a conditioned response can be weakened or eliminated when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus; also, the procedure whereby this happens, namely, the repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

Higher-Order Conditioning

Answer 7

The process whereby a neutral stimulus that is associated with a conditioned stimulus also becomes a conditioned stimulus

Question 8

Latent Inhibition

Answer 8

The phenomenon whereby a familiar stimulus is more difficult to condition as a conditioned stimulus than is an unfamiliar (novel) stimulus

Question 9

Occasion Setting

Answer 9

A procedure in which a stimulus (known as an occasion setter) signals that a conditioned stimulus is likely to be followed by the unconditioned stimulus with which it is associated

Question 10

Overshadowing

Answer 10

The phenomenon whereby the most salient member of a compound stimulus is more readily conditioned as a conditioned stimulus and thereby interferes with conditioning of the least salient member

Question 11

Pseudoconditioning

Answer 11

A situation in which an elicited response that appears to be a conditioned response is actually the result of sensitization rather than conditioning

Question 12

Semantic Generalization

Answer 12

The generalization of a conditioned response to verbal stimuli that are similar in meaning to the conditioned stimulus

Question 13

Sensory Preconditioning

Answer 13

In this phenomenon, when one stimulus is conditioned as a conditioned stimulus, another stimulus with which it was previously associated can also become a conditioned stimulus

Question 14

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 14

The reappearance of a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus following a rest period after extinction

Question 15

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 15

The tendency for a response to be elicited more by one stimulus than another

Question 16

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 16

The tendency for a conditioned response to occur in the presence of a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus

Question 17

Temporal Conditioning

Answer 17

A form of classical conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus is the passage of time