chapter 5 Flashcards
anticipatory socialization:
when we prepare for future life roles
degradation ceremony
the process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of
their old identity and are given new ones
generalized other
the common behavioral expectations of general society
hidden curriculum
the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal
norms
moral development
the way people learn what is “good” and “bad” in society
nature
the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development
nurture
the role that our social environment plays in self-development
peer group
a group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share
interests
resocialization
the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in
their place
self
a person’s distinct sense of identity as developed through social interaction
socialization
the process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to
accept society’s beliefs, and to be aware of societal values
Charles Cooley and George Mead
both
contributed significantly to the sociological understanding of the development of self
Harlows’ study on rhesus monkeys
showed that monkeys also want warmth/ conditional love/ early social contacts
preconventional stage
young children, who lack a higher level of cognitive ability,
experience the world around them only through their senses
conventional theory develops
when youngsters become increasingly aware of others’ feelings and take
those into consideration when determining what’s “good” and “bad.”
postconventional
when people begin to think of morality in abstract terms, such as Americans
believing that everyone has the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral development
his theory included three levels, prevonventional, conventional and postconventional.
Sigmund Freud
He believed that personality and sexual
development were closely linked, and he divided the maturation process into psychosexual stages: oral,
anal, phallic, latency, and genital. He posited that people’s self development is closely linked to early
stages of development, like breastfeeding, toilet training, and sexual awareness
Erik Erikson
Erikson’s view of self
development gave credit to more social aspects, like the way we negotiate between our own base
desires and what is socially accepted
Jean Piaget
He recognized that the development
of self evolved through a negotiation between the world as it exists in one’s mind and the world that
exists as it is experienced socially
Charles Cooley
He
asserted that people’s self understanding is constructed, in part, by their perception of how others view
them—a process termed “the looking glass self”
preparatory stage,
children are only
capable of imitation: they have no ability to imagine how others see things. They copy the actions of
people with whom they regularly interact, such as their mothers and fathers
play stage,
during which children begin to take on the role that one other person might have. Thus,
children might try on a parent’s point of view by acting out “grownup” behavior, like playing “dress
up” and acting out the “mom” role, or talking on a toy telephone the way they see their father do.
game stage
children learn to consider several roles at the same time and how those
roles interact with each other. They learn to understand interactions involving different people with a
variety of purposes. For example, a child at this is likely to be aware of the different responsibilities of
people in a restaurant who together make for a smooth dining experience (someone seats you, another
takes your order, someone else cooks the food, while yet another clears away dirty dishes).
George Herbert Mead
studied the self, a person’s distinct identity that is
developed through social interaction. Prepratory stage, play stage, and game stage.
Gilligan’s Theory of Moral Development and Gender
she explained that boys and girls have different understandings of morality: boys are
socialized for a work environment where rules make operations run smoothly, while girls are socialized
for a home environment where flexibility allows for harmony in caretaking and nurturing
