Chapter 5 Flashcards
Android, 177
A mobile operating system developed by Android, Inc. (purchased by Google) and later the Open Handset Alliance as a flexible, upgradeable mobile device platform
Application server, 170
Software that handles all applications operations between browser-based computers and a company’s back-end business applications or database
Apps, 195
Small pieces of software that run on the Internet, on your computer, on on you cell phone and are generally delivered over the Internet
Autonomic computing, 188
Effort to develop systems that can manage themselves without user intervention
Blade servers, 177
Entire computer that fits on a single, thin card (r blade) and that is plugged into a single chassis to save space, power and complexity
Chrome OS, 177
Google’s lightweight computer operating system for users who do most of their computing on the Internet; run on computers ranging from net-books to desktop computers
Clients, 169
The user point-of-entry for the required function in client/server computing. Normally a desktop computer, workstation, or laptop computer
client/server computing, 169
A model for computing the splits processing between clients and servers on a network, assigning functions to the machine most able to perform the function
Cloud computing, 170
Web-based applications that are stored on remote servers and accessed via the “cloud” of the Internet using a standard Web browser
Computerization of IT, 170
New information technology originating in the consumer market that spread to business organizations
Extensible Markup Language (XML), 191
General purpose language that describes the structure of a document and XML can perform presentation, communications, and storage of data, allowing data to be manipulated by the computer
Green computing, 186
Refers to practices and technologies for designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associate devices such as monitors, printers, storage, devices,and networking and communications systems to minimize impact on the environment
Grid computing, 181
Applying the resources of may computers in a network to a single problem
HTML, (Hypertext Markup Language(, 190
Page description language for creating Web pages
HTML5, 190
Next evolution of HTML, which will make it possible to embed images, video, and audio directly into a document without add-on software
Hybrid cloud, 186
Computing model where firms use both their own IT infrastructure and also public cloud computing services
iOS, 178
Operating system for the Apple, iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch
Java, 189
Program language that can deliver only the software functionality needed for a particular task, such as as a small applet download from a network; can run on any computer and operating system
Legacy Systems, 179
A system that has been in existence for a long time and that continues to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing or designing it
Linux, 177
Reliable and compactly designed operating system that is an offshoot of UNIX and that can run on many different hardware platforms and is available free or at very low cost. Used as alternative to UNIX and Windows NT
Mainframe, 167
Largest category of computer, used for major business processing
Mashup, 195
Composite software applications that depend on high-speed networks, universal communications standards,and open-source code
Minicomputers, 167
Middle-range computer used in systems for universities, factories, or research laboratories
Moore’s Law, 171
Assertion that the number of components on a chip double each year
Multicore processor, 186
Integrated circuit to which two or more processors have been attached for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks
Multitiered (N-tier) client/server architecture, 169
Client/server network with the work of the entire network is balanced over several different levels of servers
Multitouch, 178
Interface that features the use of one or more fingers gestures to manipulate lists or objects on a screen without using a muse or keyboard
Manotechnology, 172
Technology that builds structures and processes based on the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules
On-demand computing, 185
Firms off-loading peak demand for computing power to remote, large-scale data processing centers, investing just enough to handle average processing loads and paying for only as much additional computing power as the market demands. Also called utility computing
Open source software, 189
Software that provides free access to its program code, allowing users to modify the program code to make improvements or fix errors
Operation system, 177
Software that manages the resources and activities of the computer
Outsourcing, 194
the practice of contracting computer center operating, telecommunications networks, or applications development to external vendors
Private cloud, 185
A proprietary network or a data center that ties together servers, storage, networks, data, and applications as a set of virtualized services that are shared by users inside a company
Public cloud, 185
A cloud maintained by an external service provider, accessed through the Internet, and available to the general public
SaaS (Software as a Service), 194
Services for delivering and providing access to software remotely as a Web-based service
Scalability, 196
The ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down
Service level agreement (SLA), 178
Formal contract between customers and their service provides that defines the specific responsibilities of the service provider and the level of service expected by the customer
Server, 169
Computer specifically optimized to provide software and other resource to other computers over a network
Service-oriented architecture (SOA), 191
Software architecture of a firm built on a collection of software programs that communicate with each other to perform assigned task to create ea working software application
Software package, 193
A prewritten, precoded, commercially available set of programs that eliminates the need to write software program for certain functions
Storage area network (SAN), 178
A high-speed network dedicate to storage that connects different kinds of storage devices, such as tape libraries and disk array so they can be shared by multiple servers
Tablet computer, 180
Mobile handheld computer that is larger than a mobile phone and operated primarily by touching a flat screen
Technology standards, 175
Specifications that establish the compatibility of products and the ability to communicate in a network
Total cost of ownership (TCO), 197
Designates the total cost of owning technology resources, including initial purchase costs, the cost of hardware and software upgrades, maintenance, technical support,and training
Unix, 177
Operating system for all types of computers, which is machine independent and supports multiuser processing, multitasking, and networking. Used in high-end workstations and servers
Utility computing, 185
Model of computing in which companies pay only for the information technology resources they actually use during a specified time period. Also call on-demand computing or usage-based pricing
Visualization, 181
Presenting a set of computing resources so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configurations or geographic location
Web browser, 190
An easy-to-use software tool for accessing the World Wide Web and the Internet
Web hosting service, 179
company with large Web server computers to maintain the Web sites of free-paying subscribers
Web server, 169
Software that manages requests for Web pages on the the computer where they are stored and that delivers the page to the user’s computers
Web service, 191
Set of universal standards using Internet technology for integrating different applications from different sources without time-consuming custom coding. using for linking systems of different organizations or for linking disparate systems within the same organizations
Windows, 170
Microsoft family of operating systems for both network servers and client computers. The most recent version is Windows Vista
Windows 8, 178
Most recent Microsoft Windows operation system, which runs on tablets as well as PCs, and includes, multitouch capabilities
Wintel PC, 167
Any computer that uses Intel microprocessors (or compatible processors) and a Windows operating system
