Chapter 5 Flashcards
the detection of physical energy by our sense organs
Sensations
collection of processes used to arrive at a meaningful interpretation of those sensations
Perception
3 Stages of Sensory Processing
Translate the Message ➡️ Identifying the Message Components ➡️ Create a Stable Interpretation from the Message
hue (color)
wavelength
rightness
intensity of light
saturation
relative purity of light
sclera
the white of the eye
iris
the colored part of the eye
pupil
the hole which light enters the eye
altering the size of the pupil to adjust to lighting in different places
pupillary reflex
curved transparent layer
cornea
bends and changes curvature to fine-tune images
lens
lens changing shape to focus light
accommodation:
cells in the visual cortex that respond to very specific visual events such as bars of light at particular orientations
Feature Detectors
theory proposing that cells in the visual pathway increase their activation levels to another color
Opponent Process Theory of Color Vision
processing that is controlled by the physical message delivered to the senses
Bottom-up Processing
processing that is controlled by one’s beliefs and expectations about how the world is organized
Top-down Processing
cues for depth that require input from only one eye
monocular depth cues
parallel lines that recede into the distance tend to converge toward a single point
linear perspective
cues for depth that depend on comparisons between the two eyes
binocular depth cues
difference between the locations of the images in the two eyes
retinal disparity
the closer the stimulus, the more the eyes turn inward toward one another
convergence
wave frequency (hertz)
pitch
wave amplitude (decibels)
loudness
complexity of sound
timbre
external ear flap (what we refer to as the ear) helps us capture sounds
pinna
vibrates in response to incoming sound waves
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
ear bones transmitting vibrations to inner ear
ossicles
snail-shaped, where sound is translated into neural impulses
cochlea
pitch perception is determined frequency of neural impulses traveling up the auditory pathway
frequency theory
cells responsive to temperature located underneath the skin
thermoreceptors
neurons responding to a cooling of the skin by increasing the production of neural impulses
cold fibers
neurons that respond vigorously when the temperature of the skin increase
warm fibers
pain receptors in the skin
nociceptors
the idea that neural impulses generated by pain receptors can be blocked, or gated, in the spinal cord by signals produced in the brain
gate-control theory
our sense of taste
gustation
what are the 6 qualities of taste?
bitter, sour, sweet, salty, umami, fatty
term used to describe the entire gustatory experience; influenced by taste, smell, visual appearance of food, and expectations about the food’s quality
flavor
the bumps you can see on your tongue
papillae
located on papillae
taste buds
