chapter 5

Question 1

biometrics

Answer 1

automated methods of recognizing a person on the basis of a physiological or behavioral characteristic

Question 2

community policing

Answer 2

a law enforcement program that seeks to integrate officers into the local community to reduce crime and achieve good community relations. it typically involves personalized service and decentralized policing, citizen empowerment, and an effort to reduce community fear of crime, disorder, and decay

Question 3

constable

Answer 3

in early english towns, an appointed peacekeeper who organized citizens for protection and supervised the night watch

Question 4

data mining

Answer 4

the use of sophisticated computer software to conduct analysis of behavior patterns in an effort to identify crime patterns and link them to suspects

Question 5

DNA profiling

Answer 5

the identification of criminal suspects by matching DNA samples taken from their person with specimens found at the crime scene

Question 6

federal bureau of investigation (FBI)

Answer 6

the arm of the justice department that investigates violations of federal law, gathers crime statistics, runs a comprehensive crime laboratory, and helps train local law enforcement officers

Question 7

hue and cry

Answer 7

in medieval england, a call for mutual aid against trouble or danger

Question 8

hundred

Answer 8

in medieval england, a group of 100 families (ten tythings) responsible for maintaining order and trying minor offenses

Question 9

justice of the peace

Answer 9

official appointed to act as the judicial officer in a county

Question 10

metropolitan police act

Answer 10

sir robert peel’s legislation that established the first organized police force in london

Question 11

private policing

Answer 11

crime prevention, detection, and the apprehension of criminals carried out by private organizations or individuals for commercial purposes

Question 12

sheriff

Answer 12

the chief law enforcement officer in a county

Question 13

shire reeve

Answer 13

in early england, the chief law enforcement official in a county; forerunner of today’s sheriff

Question 14

thermal imager

Answer 14

a device that detects radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum and is used in law enforcement to detect variations in temperature.

Question 15

tything (tithing)

Answer 15

in medieval england, a collective group of ten families that pledged to help one another and provide mutual aid

Question 16

vigilantes

Answer 16

in the old west, members of a vigilance committee or posse called upon to capture cattle thieves or other felons

Question 17

watch system

Answer 17

in medieval england, groups of men who organized in church parishes to guard at night against disturbances and breaches of the peace under the direction of the local constable

Question 18

wickersham commission

Answer 18

formally known as the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, a commission created in 1929 by President Herbert Hoover to study the U.S. criminal justice system, including the police