chapter 5 Flashcards
what is the name of the machine that makes short chain amino acids?
protein or peptide synthesizer
name 3 examples of enzymes and their substrates
- amylase & amylose= starch
- cellulase & cellulose
- lactase & lactose
what would an enzyme be called if it moved methyl groups?
methyl transferase
what does PAGE stand for, and what samples are studied using PAGE?
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
proteins or small DNA
what separates molecules on a PAGE gel
negatively charged samples
PAGE gels are run at what current
35 milliamps
what is NCBI and what is is for
it is a website called National Center for Biotechnology information= sequences of nucleic acids& proteins
Epitope
region on an antigen where an antibody would bind
Hybridomas –
immortal tumor cells fused with specific white blood cells that will produce monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibody
specific antibodies made by hybridomas to target specific epitoma
PAGE
method of separating small DNA fragments or proteins using a vertical gel made of polyacrylamide
What percentage of a PAGE gel would you use for a small protein?
higher percentage
when do you use a PAGE gradient?
when unsure of protein size
tertiary & quaternary protein structures?
Tertiary – polypeptide folding due to R group interactions or polar nonpolar interactions
Quaternary – disulfide bonds between different polypeptide chains
PAGE STEPS- select
Select most appropriate gel concentration to achieve molecular separation
PAGE STEPS- ADD
Add loading dye to samples to visualize them
PAGE STEPS- run
Run molecular weight standards in one lane to determine relative sizes
PAGE STEPS- submerge
Submerge the gel in an electrophoresis buffer to conduct electricity
PAGE STEPS- stain
Stain the gel with Coomassie blue to visualize proteins
All PAGE steps
select
add
run
submerge
stain
X-ray crystallography
technique used to determine 3D structure of proteins
Mass spectrometry
a technique used to determine molecular weight of a compound
CD4 cell
surface protein recognized by HIV and a target for HIV therapies
Antibodies
proteins developed by the immune system like B cells
composed like a Y 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains; specific antigen recognition
– SDS – sodium dodecyl sulfate -
denature proteins and give them a negative charge
what does peptidyl transferase do?
creates peptide bonds
