Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is DNA
A double helix strand composed of nucleotides located in the nucleus.
What is the name of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are nucleotide
Chemical unit containing:
1) a sugar (deoxyribose)
2) a phosphate group
3) a nitrogenous base
4 Nitrogenous bases
1) Adenine
2) Thymine
3) Guanine
4) Cytosine
A—T
G—C
What is genome
The complete set of genetic information of an individual or of a species. All genetic information.
What is a gene
A segment of DNA. A particular sequence of base pairs contained within the DNA strand, It codes the information required to manufacture a protein.
What is a protein
Large, complex molecules that are responsible for carrying out various functions and expressing characteristic traits in living organism.
5 roles of proteins
1) support: elastin skin
2) transports of substance: hemoglobin in RBC carries oxygen
3) control and message relay: hormones
4) immunity: antibodies
5) catalyst: enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions
What is genetic diversity
All the possible genetic variation of a species.
How is genetic diversity increased
Sexual reproduction and by having large and diverse population.
Why is genetic diversity important
Want to find the best genes through natural selection, want to reproduce species that have better chances of surviving.
What is a cell
The smallest structural and functional unit of a living organism
What is a specialized cell
A cell designed to perform certain functions in a living organism. Skin cells, muscles cells, red blood cells.
