Chapter 5

Question 1

Enlightenment

Answer 1

Intellectual and cultural movement in the 18th century emphasizing reason over superstition and science over blind faith
* Combined with the Great Awakening to challenge older ideas about authority

Question 2

John Locke

Answer 2

Philosopher who had the greatest impact on colonial thinking
- Argued for new ideas of property, politics, and education that provied influential in the colonies.
- Was involved in creating political documents and justifications of slavery for the colonies

Question 3

Stamp Act

Answer 3

The first direct tax imposed on the colonies’ internal economic activites
- Colonists resisted with resolutions, economic resistances, and protest
- taxes on papers

Question 4

Boston Massacre

Answer 4

Situation where British soldiers came to aid the sentry who the crowd had been vandalizing, but since the crowd was hostile, they fired shots.
- Best example of the “continental conversation”
-Caused by British efforts to quell rebellion, parliament increasing taxes

Question 5

Tea Parties

Answer 5

• Tea dumped or seized in harbors
• Caused by new rules to allow the East India Company to sell tea in the colonies, leading colonies to pay the duty

Question 6

Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts

Answer 6

Four diifferent acts passed down by parliament to punish Massachusetts for the Tea Parties
(No need to memorize these)
1. Boston Port Act shut down the harbor and all trade to and from the city
2. Massachusetts Government Act put the colonial government entirely under British control, dissolving the assembly and restricting town meetings.
3. The Administration of Justice Act allowed any royal offical accused of a crime to be tried in Britain rather than by Massachusetts courts and juries.
4. Quartering Act = Allowed British army to quarter newly arrived soldiers in colonists’ homes.
- Response to the tea parties
- Fostered the sense of shared identity created over the previous decade

Question 7

First Continental Congress

Answer 7

Occuring on September 5, 1774, Committees of Correspondence sent delegates to coordinate an intercolonial response to seize powers of the royal governments and as response to the Coercive Acts.

Question 8

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

Answer 8

Repeated the arguments that colonists had been making since 1765; colonists retained all the rights of native Britons, including the right to be taxed only by their own elected representatives as well as the right to a trial by jury.

Question 9

Continental Association

Answer 9

Most radical document of the period. It sought to unite and direct twelve revolutionary government, establish economic and moral policies, and empower common colonists by giving them an important and unpredented degree of on-the-ground political power.

Question 10

Thomas Paine

Answer 10

• Immigrant from England that captured the American conversation
• Wrote the Common Sense

Question 11

Common Sense

Answer 11

• Small forty-six page pamphlet published in Philadelphia
• Advanced arguements for independence

Question 12

Saratoga

Answer 12

• Place where the Continental Army defeated Burgoyne’s men.
• Major turning point in the War for Independence
• Tried securing a treaty of alliance with French, helped convince French to form the Treaty of Amity and Commerence

Question 13

Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)

Answer 13

Native American Group that sided with the British