CHAPTER 5 Flashcards
skin structure
separations or less dense regions between bundles of collagen fibers
IN RETICULAR DERMIS
cleavage lines
the dermis is tightly secured to deeper structures (palms of your hands, wrists, fingers, soles, toes)
IN PAPILLARY DERMIS
flexure lines
basal cell carcinoma
a common type of skin cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
melanoma
damage only the epidermis
first-degree burn
damage the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis
second-degree burn
damage the entire epidermis and dermis
third-degree burn
the ___ is the OUTERMOST protective shield of the body (composed of epithelial cells)
epidermis
the __ makes up the bulk of the skin, elasticity, collagen + elastic fibers (composed mostly of dense connective tissue)
dermis
the ___ ___ anchors the skin to the underlying structures (not part of the skin)
subcutaneous tissue
a type of protein found on epithelial cells, which line the inside and outside surfaces of the body
keratin
___ are the most common type of cell in the skin
keratinocytes
the ___ is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
epidermis
the most superficial layers of the epidermis are increasingly ___ & less viable
keratinized
layers of the epidermis
___ are cells that produce melanin
melanocytes
the skin is a barrier
___ ___ engulf any foreign invaders that have penetrated the epidermis (act as part of the immune system)
dendritic cells
___ ___ ___ detect light, touch and superficial pressure in the skin
tactile epithelial cells
layers of the dermis
the ___ ___ is made up of loose connective tissue
papillary dermis
the ___ ___ is made up of dense connective tissue
reticular dermis
the ___ ___ ___ lies between the reticular dermis and the subcutaneous layer; is the network of blood vessels that nourishes the reticular dermis
dermal vascular plexus
___ ___ project from the papillary dermis surface & play a key role in hair growth, shape, color, and regeneration
dermal papillae
layer of the epidermis
- 1st layer
- consists of corneocytes that protect you from harm (abrasions, light, heat, pathogens)
stratum corneum
layer of the epidermis
- 2nd layer
- found only in thick skin areas
- visible through a light microscope
- reduces friction between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
layer of the epidermis
- 3rd layer
- primary function is to produce keratohyalin granules
- keratinization begins
stratum granulosum
layer of the epidermis
- 4th layer
- provide strength & flexibility to the skin by connecting keratinocytes tightly together
stratum spinosum
layer of the epidermis
- 5th layer
- the primary site for skin cell regeneration
- the newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers
stratum basale
hair has three concentric layers of keratinized cells; the ___ ___ & ___
medulla, cortex, & cuticle
___ hair = “peach fuzz”
vellus
___ hair = thick, coarse, and pigmented hair
terminal
the skin is a barrier
the low pH of skin secretions, ___ ___ ___, retards bacteria’s multiplication
the acid mantle
an arrector pili muscle can cause a hair to what?
stand up straight
bluish or purple discoloration to the skin due to decrease O2 carried by the blood
cyanosis
skin redness from exercise, blushing, injury, infection, inflammation
erythema
white patches within normal skin colored areas from loss or reduction in melanocytes
vitiligo
(vi·tuh·lai·gow)
brownish spots/patches within areas of normal skin
cafe au lait
produces an increase in skin pigmentation due to an increase in melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) & adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) production by the anterior pituitary gland
addison’s disease
autoimmune disease that occurs when the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissue
lupus
rule of nine
oil gland;
secretes sebum;
none in palms and soles
sebaceous gland
sweat gland;
consists of apocrine & eccrine gland
sudoriferous gland
(su·do·rif·er·ous)
ear wax gland of external auditory canal/meatus;
open onto surface or into sebaceous gland
ceruminous gland
opens INTO hair follicle;
armpits, groin, and breast areola
apocrine gland
open INTO the skin surface of entire body;
greatest number on the palms/soles
eccrine gland
part of nail - whitish, semilunar area near nail root
lunula
part of nail - the cuticle
eponychium
the area at the base of the nail that produces new nail cells
the nail matrix
