CHAPTER 4 Flashcards
tissue that covers all internal and external surfaces of your body
epithelial tissue
tissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to the body’s organs and other tissues
connective tissue
tissue that has the special ability to contract in order to produce movement of the body parts
muscle tissue
tissue that coordinates and controls many body activities
nervous tissue
types of epithelial cells based on their SHAPE
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
types of epithelial cells based on their ARRANGEMENT
simple
stratified
psuedostratified
___ ___ is a type of epithelial tissue that lines internal organs and produces and releases substances like mucous, digestive juices, and other fluids
glandular tissue
types of epithelial tissue
connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone
blood
types of connective tissue
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
types of muscle tissue
hyaline cartilage: flexible & strong
___: strongest, but least flexible
elastic cartilage: most flexible
fibrocartilage
different types of tissues form ___ that enclose organs, provide a friction-free interaction between organs
membranes
connective tissue membranes include:
synovial membranes
epithelial membranes include:
___ membranes
___ membranes
the ___ membrane
mucous
serous
cutaneous
lines the inside of some joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae (type of connective tissue membrane)
synovial membrane
lines many tracts and structures of the body, including the mouth, nose, eyelids, trachea/lungs, stomach/intestines, ureters, urethra, and urinary bladder (type of epithelial tissue membrane)
mucous membrane
lines the body’s cavities that don’t open to the outside (type of epithelial tissue membrane)
serous membrane
covers the body’s exterior surface and protects it from pathogens, UV radiation, and injury (type of epithelial tissue membrane)
cutaneous membrane
connective tissue proper includes both ___ and ___ connective tissue
loose and dense
inflammation
migration
proliferation
differentiation
maturation
tissue regeneration steps
neurons or nerve cells have three principal parts: __________
the dendrites, the cell body, and one axon
the part of the nerve cell that carries on the general functions is the ___ ___
cell body
the extensions of the cytoplasm in the nerve cell that receive/input portion of the neuron are the ___
dendrites
the extension in the nerve cell that conducts impulses toward another neuron or other tissue is the ___
axon
if you get bit by a dog with rabies, the virus will travel along nerves to the spinal cord and then to the brain, where it multiplies
your ___ contain more nerve endings than any body part, meaning rabies would travel to the spinal cord faster than any other area
feet
___ are cells that make up connective tissue PROPER, which supports and connects other tissues and organs in the body
fibroblasts
___ are cells that produce CARTILAGE, also known as chondrogenesis; they are located in the perichondrium
chondroblasts
___ are the cells that form new bones and grow and heal existing bones; found in BONE TISSUE
osteoblasts
secrete antibodies for immunity and defense; origin from B lymphocytes
plasma cells
play an important role in inducing the inflammatory cascade; release histamine
mast cells
surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells (goes in & out of tissues, “cleans”)
macrophages
(histiocytes)
tough, flexible, most abundant protein in the body
collagen fibers
give tissues and organs elasticity and resilience
(skin, blood vessels, lungs)
elastic fibers
support for blood vessel walls
reticular fibers
no blood & no nerve supply;
protects your joints and bones;
acts as a shock absorber
cartilage
type of cartilage that is found on the bridge of nose, end of bones at joints, & respiratory tract
hyaline cartilage
type of cartilage that is strong and can withstand prolonged stresses
fibrocartilage
type of cartilage that is the most flexible type of cartilage in the body
elastic cartilage
each cavity area with a ___ membrane has a specific name:
pleural (lung)
pericardium (heart)
peritoneal (abdomen)
serous
the process which creates an actively growing connective tissue, as in replacement after burns, lacerations, etc.
granulation
abnormal tissue development
metaplasia
this is growth with abnormal joining tissue;
may occur after abdominal surgery
adhesions
single layer flattened cells
disc-shaped central nuclei
simple squamous
single layer cube-like cells
large spherical central nuclei
simple cuboidal
single layer column-like cells
round to oval nuclei
simple columnar
pseudostratified columnar
multiple cell layers
surface cells are flattened
stratified squamous
resembles both stratified squamous and
stratified cuboidal
transitional epithelium
gel-like matrix with fibroblasts, macrophages, & mast cells
loose connective tissue - areolar
closely packed fat cells
have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet
loose connective tissue - adipose
loose network
gel-like ground substance
loose connective tissue - reticular
primarily parallel collagen fibers
dense connective tissue - regular
primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers
dense connective tissue - irregular
high proportion of elastic fibers
dense connective tissue - elastic
amorphous (lacking a clear structure)
firm matrix
hyaline cartilage
similar to hyaline
more elastic fibers in matrix
elastic cartilage
matrix similar to hyaline
matrix less firm than hyaline
fibrocartilage
bone
blood
has obvious striations
skeletal muscle
branching striated
cardiac muscle
spindle-shaped cells
no striations
smooth muscle
nervous tissue
glandular epithelium
___ ___ line the body cavities
parietal serosa
___ ___ line the outer part of the organs within the body cavity
visceral serosa
