Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psych 305 > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

circadian rhythms

A

sleep/wake having a rhythm that repeats itself about every 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

zietgebers

A

environmental cues that reset the biological clock each morning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

entrained

A

synchronized (when sleep and wake periods become entrained to environmental cues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What controls the circadian rhythm?

A

the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus?

A

it detects lgiht and entrains dialy biological and bahavior rhythms to the onset of light from the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

clock genes

A

set of genes expressed by cells within the SCN whos protein products affect the length of the circadian cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what two factors influence the sleep-wake cycle?

A

circadian factor and homeostatic factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

circadian factor

A

your biological clock tells your brain that you’re supposed to be asleep or awake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

homeostatic factor

A

the longer youre awake, sleep pressure builds up and tells your brain that you have been many hours without sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens on an EEG when an individual is drowsy?

A

neruons fire in synchrony with one another and generate “synchrnized” EEG of high amplitude and low frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens on an EEG when a person becomes alert?

A

neurons fire out of synch with one another and generate “desynchronized” EEG with low amplitude and high frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens to brain waves as a person enter deeper stages of sleep?

A

the brain waves become progressively higher in amplitude and lower in frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the brain waves during REM sleep?

A

brain waves become low in amplitude and high in frequency, resembling brain waves while awake and alert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hwo often do REM episode occur?

A

every 90 minutes, growing longer as the night progresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dreams

A

occur during REM sleep in the parietal and occipital cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

brain mechanisms

A

The thalamus has excitatory projections to the entire cerebral cortex

17
Q

what makes the cortex wake up?

A

stimulation of the intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus

18
Q

how to initiate sleep?

A

the preoptic area releases GABA to inhibit the waking-on neurons

19
Q

How are these GABA neurons activated?

A

The circadian clock (SCN), body temperature, and accumulation of adenosine

20
Q

what happens during nREM (non-REM sleep)?

A

reticular neurons in the thalamus inhibit thalamic relay neurons to send sensory info to the cortex

21
Q

what happens during REM sleep?

A

neurons in the pons initiate REM sleep, while neurons in the medulla inhibit spinal cord motor neurons

22
Q

insomnia

A

inability to fall asleep and/or stay sleep, most common sleep disorder

23
Q

common causes of insomnia?

A

stress and anxiety

24
Q

hypnotic drugs

A

medications for insomnia

25
Q

narcolepsy

A

intense sleepiness during the daytime; loss of orexin neurons is a major casual factor leading to narcolepsy

26
Q

cataplexy

A

(narcolepsy related)sudden loss of muscle tone while awake

27
Q

sleep paralysis

A

(narcolepsy related) happens after waking or just before sleep

28
Q

hypnagogic hallucination

A

(narcolepsy related) having dream-like experiences while awake

29
Q

sleep apnea

A

loss of oxygen during sleep due to blockage in airway passages; frequent, lasting from a few seconds to several minutes, and occur through the night

30
Q

continuous positive air pressure (CPAP)

A

air the goes into respiratory system treats sleep apnea by keeping the airways open during sleep

31
Q

REM sleep behavior disorder

A

lack of muscle paralysis that keeps us from acting our dreams

32
Q

benefits of sleep

A

supports immune system function, memory consolidation, removal of brain toxins, restorative effects

psych 305 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions