chapter 5

Question 1

Define arousal

Answer 1

How energized the body feels depending on factors; not positive or negative

Question 2

Define anxiety

Answer 2

A negative emotional state; worry, nervousness, apprehension: arousal activation causes

Question 3

State anxiety

Answer 3

Moment to moment feelings; “right now” feeling

Question 4

Trait anxiety

Answer 4

Normal anxiety level; stable over time; personality characteristic with little change; higher trait typically means higher state

Question 5

Cognitive state anxiety

Answer 5

Thought; worries and negativity

Question 6

Somatic state anxiety

Answer 6

Physiological; moment to moment in physiological activation; sweating, heavy breathing, increased heart rate

Question 7

Perceived control state anxiety

Answer 7

Has control over anxiety, can handle and knows how to deal with the feeling and situation

Question 8

Define stress

Answer 8

When the situation calls for us to act a certain way, but we don’t have the resources to do so

Question 9

Stress Process

Answer 9

Environmental: pks, free throw
Perception of demand: threatening or can handle?
Stress response: arousal and state anxiety increase, muscle tension, attention changes
Behavioral consequences: typically poor performance

Question 10

Drive theory

Answer 10

one to one relationship between arousal and performance; as arousal and state anxiety increases, performance increases; well learned easy task

Question 11

Inverted-U Hypothesis

Answer 11

As arousal increases, performance increases to a peak then comes back down; moderate level of arousal = peak performance

Question 12

Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF)

Answer 12

State anxiety level is different for each person; athletes perform better at different levels of state anxiety

Question 13

Multidimensional Anxiety theory

Answer 13

Cognitive anxiety is negatively related to performance, somatic anxiety is related to performance in inverted-u pattern

Question 14

Catastrophe Theory

Answer 14

Interactional theory, cognitive and physiological anxiety; soft inverted-u = low cognitive anxiety; sudden drop = high cognitive anxiety, as arousal increases performance increase until it’s too much then sudden drop in performance

Question 15

Reversal Theory

Answer 15

How arousal affects performance depends on an individuals interpretation of their own arousal level
Pleasant increases performance
Unpleasant decreases performance

Question 16

Direction and Intensity Model of Anxiety

Answer 16

Stressor > can control > good anxiety, helps performance
Stressor > can’t control > bad anxiety, hurts performance

Question 17

How arousal effects Muscular Problems

Answer 17

Arousal and anxiety increased, muscles tense, fatigue faster, coordination difficulties, slower reaction time

Question 18

How arousal affects attentional changes

Answer 18

Too low = broad attention span, distracted
Too high = too narrow, focused on one thing, doesn’t see other things around them, poor performance
Optimal arousal = optimal attention, sees everything, good performance