Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC Midterm- Chp. 4,5,6 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

Subjective experience of the world and ourselves.
Can lead to mystical experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sleep Paralysis

A

Inability to move prior to falling asleep or immediately prior to waking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mind-wandering

A

aka daydreaming
30-50% of our waking hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Is a cyclical change that occurs every 24 hours
Controlled by the suprachiasmatic Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biological clock

A

term for the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus that’s responsible for controlling our levels of alertness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many stages of sleep are there, how long does it take for us to cycle through all of them.

A

5 and 90min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What includes step 1 in the sleep cycle

A

A transitional period from wakefulness to sleep that lasts only a few minutes
Light sleep
May experience hypnagogic imagery
Muscles are still active and might experience myoclonic jerks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What includes step 2 in the sleep cycle

A

Deepening of sleep associated with sleep spindles (bursts of brain activity) and K-complexes (waves that sharply rise and fall
Brain activity and body slows down
65% of sleep occurs in this stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What includes step 3 in the sleep cycle

A

Deep sleep comprised of delta waves begin to emerge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What includes step 4 in the sleep cycle

A

Delta waves dominate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rapid Eye Movements (REM)

A

darting eyes when the eyelids are closed during sleep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What occurs in REM sleep

A

82% of dreams are associated with being in REM sleep.
Vivid
Longer dreams
Dreams characterized as emotional, illogical plot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What occurs in Non-REM sleep

A

43% of dreams associated with being in a non rem sleep period
Less vivid
Shorter dreams
Dreams characterized as rational, everyday topics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

REM rebound

A

after a few nights of REM deprivation, duration of REM sleep increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lucid Dreaming

A

An awareness that one is dreaming.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 6 different sleep disorders

A

Insomnia, Sleep-walking, Night terrors, Dreaming, Narcolepsy, Sleep Apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Insomnia

A

trouble falling or staying asleep

Potential causes of insomnia
Stress
Medication

18
Q

Narcolepsy

A

rapid onset of unexpected sleep that lasts for a brief time (sec to min).

Enter REM sleep immediately

Potential causes of narcolepsy
Genetics
Low levels of orexin hormone
Brain damage

19
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

Multiple awakenings due to airway blockage during sleep, resulting in daytime fatigue

20
Q

Freud’s Dream Protection Theory

A

Dreams help to carry out desires we are not permitted to do in real life.

21
Q

Manifest content

A

the sensory details in a dream

22
Q

Latent Content

A

the true and hidden meaning of the sensory details

23
Q

Problems with Dream Protection Theory

A

Claim:
Wish fulfillment
Mostly sexual
Dream-work that disguises latent meaning
Findings:
Dreams are often negative
Sexual themes are not common 10%
90% of dreams are reported as straightforward

24
Q

Activation-synthesis Theory

A

Activation of the forebrain via neural messages from the pons during REM sleep

Synthesis: Forbrain attempts to make coherent sense of this activity, leading to dreams

25
Q

Role of the forebrain

A

Damage to forebrain and parietal lobes can eliminate dreams completely

26
Q

Neurocognitive Theory

A

Dreams are meaningful
scenarios

27
Q

Dream continuity hypothesis

A

Hypothesis that there is continuity between sleeping and waking experiences and that dreams can mirror life circumstances.

28
Q

Alterations in consciousness
Hallucinations

A

Perceptions formed without sensory stimuli that are experienced as realistic.

Visual cortex used for visual processing is active during a visual hallucination

29
Q

Out-of-body Experience

A

Sense of our consciousness leaving our body

10% of the general pop reported an OBE

Associated with lucid dreams

30
Q

Near-Death Experiences

A

OBE associated with nearly dying or though they were going to die

6-33% of those close to death report NDE’s

31
Q

Mystical Experiences characterized by…

A

Unity/oneness with the world
Transcendence of time and space
Feelings of wonder and awe

32
Q

Deja vu

A

Sensing that one is reliving an experience even though the experience is new

33
Q

Hypnosis

A

Hypnosis: suggestions administered by a hypnotist change consciousness in a subject

Hyposis has helped treat disorders and pain

34
Q

Social-Cognitive Theory of Hypnosis

A

Approach to explaining hypnosis based on peoples attitudes, beliefs, and expectations

35
Q

What is Dissociation Theory and what are the 2 parts

A

Consciousness is split into two parts

Part 1 responds to the hypnotist’s suggestions
Part 2 is hidden observer that maintains contact with reality

36
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A

chemical substances that impact consciousness by changing neural activity.

37
Q

Substance Use Disorder

A

recurrent and significant impairment or distress associated with one or more drugs.

38
Q

Physical dependence

A

Continued use of a drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms

39
Q

Depressants

A

slows activity in the central nervous system producing a sense of calmness and reduced inhibitions. Ex. Alcohol

40
Q

What are Stimulants and what are 2 types

A

Increases activity in the central nervous system.

Nicotine and Cocaine

41
Q

Narcotics: relieve pain and induce sleep
Heroin

A

relieve pain and induce sleep
Heroin

42
Q

Psychedelics

A

are hallucinogens in that they alter perception, mood, and thought

LSD

PSYC Midterm- Chp. 4,5,6 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions