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Astronomy 0089 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Wave Properties?

A

Wavelength, Frequency, Period, Amplitude, Speed (always constant)

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2
Q

What is a Wavelength?

A

Distance between successive peaks (or troughs) if we freeze the wave at one moment in time.

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3
Q

What is a Period?

A

A related idea is the amount of time it takes for the pattern to repeat if you stay in the same place.

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4
Q

What is the Frequency?

A

The number of times the wave pattern will repeat (per second) if you stay at a fixed place - or how many waves (cycles) pass by per second. (Hertz)

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5
Q

Period and Frequency relationship

A

Period = 1/Frequency

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6
Q

Speed = ?

A

Distance/Time
Wavelength/Period
Wavelength * Frequency

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7
Q

Speef of Light Equation

A

C = Wavelength * Frequency

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8
Q

C = ?

A

3.0 x 10^8 m/s = 3.0 x 10^5 km/s = 300,000 km/s

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9
Q

Wavelength Unit

A

m,nm,mm

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10
Q

Frequency Unit

A

Hertz = Hz = 1/s

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11
Q

Propagation of Light

A

Light spreads out as it goes away from its source (Energy decreasing)

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12
Q

Inverse Square Law

A

The amount of light recieved by any given patch on the sphere gets diluted by the square of the distance from the source

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13
Q

What is an Electromagnetic Wave?

A

The result is a wave of combined electric and magnetic fields.

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14
Q

What is Radiation?

A

refers to any physical process in which energy passes from one place, through some intervening region to another place.

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15
Q

What do we sometimes refer to light as?

A

Electromagnetic Radiation

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16
Q

What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

A

When we split light into its components (rainbow).

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17
Q

Different ranges of wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum (shortest to longest). Gamma, Ultra, X, Infrared, FM Radio, Microwave, AM Radio.

A

Gamma, X, Ultraviolet, Infrared, Microwave, FM, AM

18
Q

What color has the longest wavelength?

A

Red

19
Q

Energy Proportions

A

Higher Energy = Higher Frequency

20
Q

What light only reaches through the atmosphere?

A

Visible and Radio

21
Q

What objects emit radiation all the time?

A

All

22
Q

When charged particles move what is emitted?

A

light

23
Q

What does a higher temp mean?

A

more jostling and more light get emitted

24
Q

All motion stops at what temp?

A

0 K

25
Q

What is thermal radiation?

A

is emitted by an opaque object, it shows emitted light intensity as a function of wavelength.

26
Q

What is determined only by temp?

A

The emitted spectrum

27
Q

What is Wien’s Law?

A

The higher the temp, the shorter the wavelength of peak emission. The hotter the object the bluer it looks.

28
Q

What is the wavelength peak?

A

It is the point of the wavelength at which the objects emit the most energy.

29
Q

What is Stefan-Boltzmann Law?

A

Total (summed over all wavelengths) energy emitted is proportional to the 4th power of temp (note heigh of curves)

30
Q

What is Flux?

A

Energy per second per unit area

31
Q

What is a continuous spectrum?

A

When we pass a beam of white sunlight through a prism, we see a rainbow-colored band of light.

32
Q

What is dispersion?

A

Violet light is bent more than red light, causing the different wavelengths of light to spread out.

33
Q

What is due to atoms in a thin gas?

A

Emission and Absorption

34
Q

What is Emission?

A

Mostly dark some color.

35
Q

What is Absorption?

A

Mostly color some dark spots.

36
Q

Why do electrons absorb energy?

A

By absorbing energy they can more to energy levels further from the nucleaus.

37
Q

How do electrons absorb radiation?

A

To leaping up

38
Q

How do electrons emit radiation?

A

By falling down

39
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

The motion of a light source toward or away form us changes our perception of the wavelength of the waves reaching us.

40
Q

Light approaching objects is what?

A

blueshifted (shorter wavelengths)

41
Q

Light receding from objects is what?

A

redshifted (longer wavelengths)

42
Q

Why does the sky look blue?

A

Blue wavelengths from the sun scatter across the sky and spread out till they eventually reach your eye.

Astronomy 0089 (15 decks)

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