Chapter 5

Question 1

macromolecules

Answer 1

most are polymers made of long molecules linked by covalent bonds

Question 1

dehydration synthesis

Answer 1

biopolymers formed via a chemical reaction which removes a water molecule from monomers

Question 2

monosaccharides

Answer 2

classified by # of carbons, form rings in aqueous solutions, major nutreince

Question 3

glucose

Answer 3

basic energy for cells, monosaccharide

Question 4

disaccharides

Answer 4

using dehydration synthesis to join monosaccharides, linked by glycosidic bonding

Question 5

sucrose

Answer 5

joining of one glucose and one fructose, disaccharide, major transport form of sugar in plants.

Question 6

polysaccharides

Answer 6

hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages.

Question 7

polysaccharide energy storage (starch)

Answer 7

starch in plants, composed of alpha glucose subunits, produced by plants

Question 8

polysaccharide energy storage (glycogen)

Answer 8

stored in humans, produced by animals, stored in liver and muscle cells, short duration

Question 9

structural polysaccharides

Answer 9

cellulose is a polymer of glucose, 1-4 linkages of beta glucose, cannot digest beta glucose

Question 10

alpha Vs Beta glucose

Answer 10

Alpha molecule- OH is pointed down
Beta molecules- OH is pointed up

Question 11

lipids

Answer 11

not a true polymer, partially hydrophobic

Question 12

fats

Answer 12

lipids that store large amounts of energy, hydrocarbon structure, composed of glycerol and fatty acids

Question 13

steroids

Answer 13

lipids with a carbon skeleton of 4 fused rings, cholesterol, in hormones- estrogen and androgens

Question 14

proteins

Answer 14

ultimate building blocks of life, enzymes

Question 15

polypeptides

Answer 15

polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds, proteins, dehydration synthesis

Question 16

amino acids

Answer 16

made of carboxyl group, amino group, and R group (R can be anything)

Question 17

protein structure function

Answer 17

depends on its conformation and how it bonds to other molecules

Question 18

protein conformation

Answer 18

depends on its amino acid sequence (R group) changes due to pH, Salt concentration, and temp

Question 19

denaturation

Answer 19

the unraveling and change in native protein conformation

Question 20

enzyme

Answer 20

protein, biological catalyst

Question 21

catalyst

Answer 21

a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Question 22

substrate

Answer 22

A reactant that binds to an enzyme

Question 23

nucleic acids

Answer 23

determines the amino acid sequence of polypeptides, Genes

Question 24

deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 24

DNA, Transcription

Question 25

ribonucleic acid

Answer 25

RNA, Translation

Question 26

nucleotides

Answer 26

make up nucleic acids

Question 27

Pentos sugar

Answer 27

nucleotide component, deoxyribose and ribose

Question 28

nitrogenous bases

Answer 28

nucleotide component
DNA- Adenine, thymine, cytosine, quanine
RNA- Adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

Question 29

polynucleotides

Answer 29

joined together by phosphodiester bonds, DNA or RNA, sugar phosphate (5 prime phosphate) have directionality

Question 30

polynucleotide 5 end

Answer 30

5 prime end, free phosphate

Question 31

polynucleotide 3 end

Answer 31

3 prime end, free hydroxyl of pentose sugar