Chapter 4

Question 1

carbon atoms

Answer 1

very versatile bonds that have a valence of 4.

Question 2

tetrahedral

Answer 2

4 single bonded structure

Question 3

planar shape

Answer 3

double and triple bonds

Question 4

backbone of organic molecules

Answer 4

carbon

Question 5

hydrocarbons

Answer 5

organic molecules that consist of only carbon and hydrogen atoms, they are hydrophobic and nonpolar.

Question 6

isomers

Answer 6

compounds that have the same molecular formula with different structures and chemical properties

Question 7

structural isomers

Answer 7

differ in covalent arrangement of their atoms

Question 8

geometric isomers

Answer 8

same covalent arrangement but differ in spatial arrangement

Question 9

cis isomer

Answer 9

same side bongs

Question 10

trans isomer

Answer 10

opposite side with straight chain

Question 11

enantiomers

Answer 11

molecules that are mirror images (like hands)

Question 12

functional groups

Answer 12

behave consistently from one organic molecule to another

Question 13

methyl group

Answer 13

CH3, nonpolar

Question 14

hydroxyl group

Answer 14

OH, found in alcohols and sugars, polar

Question 15

carbonyl group

Answer 15

CO double bond, aldehyde if on end, ketone if in middle

Question 16

amino group

Answer 16

NH2, bases, nitrogen removes hydrogen ions to make amino acids and proteins.

Question 17

sulfhydryl group

Answer 17

SH, thiols, important in protein structure

Question 18

phosphate group

Answer 18

OPO3(2-) charged, involved in energy transfer reactions in cells