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Introduction to Psychology > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

regulatory drives

A

promote homoestasis, (hunger)

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2
Q

nonregulatory drives

A

serves other purposes (sex)

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3
Q

brains reward system

A
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4
Q

5 mammalian drives

A

①regulatory ② safety ③reproductive 4 social ⑤ educational

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5
Q

Central-state-theory

A

Different drives correspond to neural activity in different but over lapping central drive systems

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6
Q

How can neurons serve as a central drive system

A

Receive and integrate the various signals that can raise or lower the drive state. ② central drive system must act on all the neural processes that would be involved in carrying out the motivated behavier.

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7
Q

Hub of central drive system

A

Hypothalamus entered at the base of the brain interconnected with higherareas of the brain controls the release of many hormones

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8
Q

Wanting

A

Release of dopamine into the nucleus accumbuens

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9
Q

Liking

A

Release of endorphins

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10
Q

Reinforcement

A

Release of dopamine into nucleus accumbens 1 promotes learning how topredict and obtain A given reward

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11
Q

Drug addiction

A

Cause doparnine release into the nucleus accumbers each time they are taken which may cause super-learning of cues and actions associated with obtaining the drug; hence; addiction

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12
Q

Gambling

A

Unpredictability of rewards I each reward may stimulate release of dopamine into nucleus accumbens resulting in super-learning of cues and actions associated with gambling

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13
Q

Leptin

A

Hormone produced by fat cells, helps to regulate body weight by acting on the hypothalamus to reduce appetite

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14
Q

Eating

A

Cause physiological changes, including the release of pyy that influences the ascuate nucleus and nearby areas to reduce hunger

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15
Q

Appetite-control Center

A

Arcane nucleus of hypothalamus 1s feedback-based appetite control Center withappetite-stimulating and appetite- suppressing neurons

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16
Q

Obesity

A

Within a culture genetic differences across cultures environmental differences

17
Q

Decreasing food

A

Decreasing food intelle activates hunger mechanisms in the brain and can reduce basal metabolism, making weight loss harder

18
Q

Thrifty phenotypes

A

Poor prenatal nutrition can lead to these fetus’s storing more fat than children who se prenatal diets are more nutritious

19
Q

Lose weight

A

Good nutrition habits & regular exercise

20
Q

Sleep

A

Can be divided into stages ) stage 4 is the deepest

21
Q

Cycles

A

90 minutes from light to deep and rapidly back to eight

22
Q

REM

A

Transition between stage 4 and the next sleep cycle

23
Q

Preservation and protection theory

A

Sleep is needed to conserve energy and increase safety supported by cross-species comparisons of amount and timing of sleep

24
Q

Body - restoration theory

A

Contends that the body needs sleep to recover from wear and tear → supported by sleep _deprivation studies in animals

25
Q

REM sleepf

A

May function to maintain brain circuits and consolidate new learning

26
Q

Suprachiasmaticnucleus

A

S. in the hypothalamus acts as an internal cloth for sleepiness and wakefulness

27
Q

Emotion

A

Tied subjectively to an object or that feeling as exemplified by anger at game one who insulted you

28
Q

Emotions

A

Adaptive value motivating us and communicating our intentions and needs to others

29
Q

James theory

A

Pveripheral bodily reactions precede and cause emotions

30
Q

Schachter

A

Peripheral feedback affects emotional intensity but perceptions and thoughts determine the type of emotion

31
Q

Ekman

A

Feedback from facial muscles can induce feelings and bodily reactions indicative of emotions

32
Q

Amygdala

A

Evaluates sensory information for its significance to survival or well-being and triggers bodily responses

33
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Crucial for conscious emotional experience and deliberate action based on it

Introduction to Psychology (5 decks)

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