Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

energy

A

capacity to do work/transfer heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

thermodynamics

A

study of energy and transformations (chemical, mechanical, electrical, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

thermochemistry

A

relationships b/w chemical reactions and energy changes that involve heat
Potential energy- from position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

electrostatic potential energy

A

interactions b/w charged particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

E(el) =

A

(kQ1Q2) / d
- Q1/Q2 = electrical charges (2 charge particles)
- d = distance
- k = 8.99 x 10^9 J (m/c^2)
- 1 J = 1 kg m^2/s^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

energy can be converted from 1 form to another but it is neither created nor destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

making bonds

A

releases energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

breaking bonds

A

consumes energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

system

A

portion we single out to study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

open system

A

exchange heat and mass w/ surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

closed system

A

only exchange heat (not mass) w/ surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

isolated system

A

doesn’t exchange heat or mass w/ surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

internal energy

A

sum of all kinetic and potential energy of system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

∆E =

A

Change in E
∆E = E(final) – E(initial)
∆E = q + w

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(+) = E(final) > E(initial)

A

System gained/absorbed energy from surrounding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(-) = E(final)) < E(initial)

A

System lost energy to surrounding

17
Q

q=

A

sum of heat added to/liberated from system
- (+) = system gains heat
- (-) = systems loses heat

18
Q

w=

A

work done on/by system
- (+) = work is done on system
- (-) = work is done by system

19
Q

endothermic

A

system absorbs heat from surroundings
- ∆H = (+)

20
Q

exothermic

A

system releases heat into surrounds
- ∆H = (-)

21
Q

state functions

A

we only care about start & end points; not how we got there

22
Q

work

A

chemical or physical energy –> mechanical work w/ change in volume

23
Q

pressure-volume work; W=

A

W = -P∆V
∆V = V(initial)-V(final)

24
Q

enthalpy (H); ∆H

A

heat at constant pressure
- ∆H = ∆E + P∆V

25
∆H = (+)
system gained heat = endothermic
26
∆H = (-)
system released heat = exothermic
27
∆H(rxn)=
H(products) = H(reactants)
28
calorimetry
measurement of heat of flow (∆H)
29
calorimeter
device to measure heat flow
30
qsolution =
(msolution)( ∆T)(Cs) = -qrxn
31
bomb calorimetry; qrxn =
qrxn = Ccal x ∆T - Ccal = constant (bomb only)
32
heat capacity (C)
energy to raise temp of object 1 d K (1 d C)
33
Specific heat capacity Cs=
heat capacity of 1 gram of substance - Cs = q / (m x ∆T)
34
Molar heat capacity (Cm)
heat capacity of 1 mole of substance
35
Specific quantity
known mass m of substance gains/loses heat
36
Hess's Law: ∆Hrxn =
∆Hrxn = sum of ∆H for each step
37
enthalpies of formation (∆Hf)
∆Hf = (n)(∆H)(Hproducts) - (m)(∆H)Hreactants
38
bond enthalpy
∆H for breaking of a particular bond in 1 mole of gaseous substance
39
fuel value
energy released when 1 g food in combusted