Chapter 4 Flashcards
solutions
homogeneous mixtures of 2+ substances
solvents
present in greatest abundance
solutes
present in lesser abundance
aqueous solution
w/ water
solvation
surrounding of solute by solvent (water); molecular and ionic
dissociation
ionic compounds dissolve by separation into ions
electrolyte
dissociates into ions in aqueous solution; ionic, conducts electricity
nonelectrolyte
doesn’t dissociate (doesn’t form ions); molecular, doesn’t conduct electricity
strong electrolyte
dissociates completely when dissolved
- water-soluble ionic compounds
all ionic compounds =
strong electrolytes
weak electrolytes
only dissociate partially when dissolved
- chemical equilibrium; reaction goes forwards and backwards
precipitation reactions
2 solutions w/ soluble salts –> insoluble salt (precipitate)
precipitate
insoluble solid formed by 2 soluble salts
solubility
amount of substance can be dissolved in solvent
metathesis reactions (exchange)
partner switching
steps to metathesis reactions
- determine ions present
- write formulas for product, cation from 1 reaction w/ anion from other reaction
- check solubility; if insoluble, precipitate forms
molecular equation
lists reactants and products w/o ionic values
complete ionic equation
all strong electrolytes dissociated into ions
- breaks down aqueous species
net ionic equations
doesn’t include spectator ions (cancel out what’s on both sides)
acids
substances that ionize in aqueous solutions to form H+ ions (protons)
- proton donors