Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

stoichiometry

A

quantities of substances consumed and produced in chem reaction

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2
Q

combination reaction

A

2+ substances combine to form 1 product

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3
Q

decomposition reaction

A

1+ substance decomposes to form 2+ other substances

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4
Q

combustion reaction

A

rapid reactions produce flame (with O2- air)

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5
Q

combustion: meth-

A

1 carbon atom

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6
Q

combustion: eth-

A

2 carbon atoms

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7
Q

combustion: prop-

A

3 carbon atoms

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8
Q

hydrocarbon formula:

A

C(n)H(2n+2)
(n = # of carbons)

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9
Q

amu

A

mass of 1 proton

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10
Q

atomic weight

A

avg amu of all isotopes; given on pt

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11
Q

formula weight

A

sum of atomic weights in chem formula

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12
Q

molecular weights

A

sum of atomic weights in a molecule

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13
Q

mole

A

6.022 x 10^23 atoms

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14
Q

molar mass

A

(g/mol)

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15
Q

molar mass

A

mass of 1 mole of substance
- g/mol = formula weight

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16
Q

empirical formula

A

lowest ration # of atoms

17
Q

combustion analysis

A

compound w/ C, H, O analyzed through combustion

18
Q

limiting reactant

A

completely consumed in reaction

19
Q

theoretical yield

A

quantity of product when limiting reactant in consumed

20
Q

actual yield

A

amount of product obtained (always less than theoretical yield)

21
Q

combustion formula

A

hydrocarbon + O2 (g) –> CO2 (g) + H2O (g)
(hydrocarbon = C(n)H(2n+2))

22
Q

percent mass composition

A

((number of atoms of element) x (atomic weight of element)) / (formula weight of substance) x 100%

23
Q

of molecules per 1 mol

A

1.66054 x 10^-24 molecules

24
Q

determining empirical formulas

A
  1. Change % to grams
  2. Calculate moles of each element
  3. Divide by the smallest number of moles to calculate the mole ratio
25
determining molecular formulas
1. Calculate molecular weight of empirical formula 2. Divide by experimental molecular weight 3. Multiply subscripts by this whole-number ratio
26
Stoichiometric Calculations (ex: how many -- to react away --)
1. grams of substance A--> (molar mass/(g/mol)) --> 2. moles of substance A --> --> moles of substance B (coefficient ratio from balance =) 3. (molar mass of B) 4. find: grams/milligrams
27
steps for limiting reactant questions
1. write/balance equation 2. substance (A) g-->mol 3. mol-to-mol ratio 4. substance (B) mol-->g - if # is more than given amount = limiting - if # is less than amount; not limiting
28
steps for theoretical yield
1. start w/ limiting reactant 2. g --> mol 3. mol-to-mol w/ (whole compound-to-limiting) 4. mol --> g (compound)