Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules from a higher to a lower concentration down their concentration gradient until equilibrium is achieved and the molecules are distributed equally
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration
What is osmotic pressure?
The pressure that develops in a system due to osmosis. The greater the possible osmotic pressure, the more likely it is that water will diffuse in that direction.
What is the isotonic solution?
The solution that is equal in solute concentration to that of that cytoplasm of a cell; causes cell to neither lose nor gain water by osmosis
What is cytolysis?
Refers to cells that have been disrupted
What is hemolysis?
The term used to describe cytolysis in red blood cells
What is turgor pressure?
Pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall; in plant cells, determined by the water content of the vacuole; provides internal support. IRL example: if you forget to water your plants, your plants wilt due to the decrease of turgor pressure
What is crenation?
In animal cells, shriveling of the cell due to water leaving the cell when the environment is hypertonic
What is concentration gradient?
Gradual change in chemical concentration between two areas of differing concentrations
Three kinds of endocytosis
Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Receptor-mediated endocytosis
What is exocytosis?
An intracellular vesicle fuse with the plasma membrane as secretion occurs
What is the Fluid-Mosaic Model? What are the kind of molecules that it consists of?
The interactions of membrane components; consist of variety of molecules including phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins
What is a channel protein?
Allows a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane freely
What is a carrier protein?
Selectively interacts with a specific molecule or ion so that it can cross the plasma membrane
