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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Touch receptor

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2
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue Functions

A

anchors skin to underlying system; shock absorber/insulator to reduce health loss

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3
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

least malignant; 80% of cases; slowing growing; 99% surgery will fix

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4
Q

3 layers of hair

A

medulla, cortex, cuticle

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5
Q

Skin: Cutaneous Sensation

A

receptors

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6
Q

Do changes in nail color mean a medical issue?

A

yes

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7
Q

Sebaceous glands function

A

softens/lubricates hair and skin, slows water loss, prevents brittle hair

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8
Q

hair consists of

A

dead keratinized cells

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9
Q

What are the major areas of the skin?

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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10
Q

Types of Burns

A

1st, 2nd, 3rd

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11
Q

dermis

A

bulk of skin, vascularized, tough/leathery layer composed of dense connective tissue

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12
Q

Melanocytes

A

spider shaped epithelial cells; synthesize melanin

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13
Q

hyponychium

A

secures free edge of the nail plate at tip

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14
Q

variations in color of skin

A

blueness, pallor, redness, yellowness, brown/black, bruise colors

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15
Q

shaft

A

part of hair that protrudes above skin

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16
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

Hypodermis/superficial fascia; adipose tissue w/ areolar connective tissue; not a part of skin but shares some of the protective qualities

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17
Q

A stands for

A

Asymmetry

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18
Q

Keratinocytes

A

produce keratin; held together by desmosomes for strength(or tight junctions to prevent water movement); arises in deepest part(stratum basale)

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19
Q

C stands for

A

color

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20
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

peglike projections; capillary loops, pain receptors, touch receptors

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21
Q

Friction Ridges

A

enhance ability to grip surfaces/enhance vibrations

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21
Q

Friction Ridges

A

enhance ability to grip surfaces/enhance vibrations

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21
Q

Friction Ridges

A

enhance ability to grip surfaces/enhance vibrations

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22
Q

Skin Functions

A

Protection, Body temp regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir and secretion

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23
Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer)
1-5 cell layers; process of keratinization begins
24
nail matrix
thickened proximal portion of nailbed
25
Keratohyalin Granules
help form keratin in the upper layers
26
Epidermis
most superficial; composed of epithelial cells; protective shield
27
peripheral connective tissue sheath
forms the external layer of follicle wall
28
thick skin
areas subject to abrasion; palms, finger tips, soles of feet
29
Tactile Epithelial Cells (Merkel)
disc like sensory nerve ending; sensory receptor for touch; present at epidermal/dermal junctions
30
Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer) 1st
20-30 cells thick(3/4 of epidermal thickness); keratin helps protect the skin against abrasion/penetration
31
How many people will develop skin cancer?
1 in 5
32
sweat glands help control what
body temperature
33
Types of recepotors
thermoreceptor, Meissner's corpuscles, nociceptors, Pacinian corpuscles
34
Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer)
several cell layers thick; certain thick bundles of intermediate filaments; resist tension/anchored to desmosomes; dendritic cells/keratinocytes
35
Vellus Hair
pale, fine hair (kids/females)
36
medulla
central core
37
Skin: Body temperature Regulation
insensible and sensible perspiration
38
Epithelial Root Sheet (external)
direct continuation of epidermis
39
hair papillae
knot of capillaries that supplies nutrients to a growing hair and signals it to grow
40
Layers of epidermis
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
41
hair follicle receptor
knot of sensory nerve endings
42
sudoriferous glands
eccrine and apocrine
43
B stands for
Border irregularity
44
Cell layers of Epidermis
Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Dendritic Cells, Tactile Epithelial Cells
45
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
2nd most common; scaley/reddened; grows rapidly/metastasizes
46
root of hair
part embedded in skin
47
Flexure Lines
Dermis is tightly attached to underlying structures
48
Papillary Dermis
areolar connective tissue; fine interlacing collagen and elastic fibers form a loosely woven mat
49
Arrector pili
smooth muscle cells (produce goose bumps)
50
Cermicus
external ear canal (ear wax)
51
Apocrine sent glands proof
sexual foreplay increases activity; enlarges/recedes with menstruation; secretions may act as pheromones
52
glassy membrane
basement membrane follicle epithelium
53
Pacinian Corpuscles
pressure receptor
54
Critical point for 3rd degree burns
10% body covered
55
Critical point for 2nd degree burns
25% body covered
56
Melanin
polymer (amino acid tyrosine); synthesis depends on enzymes in melanocytes
57
Hard keratin
tougher/durable and cells don't flake off
58
how can we slow aging
UV protection, good nutrition, fluids, good hygiene
59
Melanoma Carcinoma
highly Mestatic/resistant to chemotherapy
60
D stands for
Diameter
61
Sebaceous glands
secrete sebum all over body except hands/feet
62
Vernix Caseosa
protects fetus skin in amnion
63
Stratum Basale (Basal layer)
stratum germination; single row stem cells; 10-25% melanocytes
64
Epithelial root sheet (internal)
derived from matrix cells
65
How does sweat relate to homeostasis
survival needs, feedback loops, sensible vs insensible perspiration
66
nail
clear protective covering on finger/toe
67
functions of hair
sense insects, guard against physical trauma, prevent heat loss and sun exposure
68
eccrine glands
sweat: palms, soles of feet, forehead
69
Skin: Protection
chemical/physical/biological barriers
70
Carotene
yellow/orange pigment that's converted to vitamin A
71
Dendritic Cells
star shaped; arise from bone marrow and migrate to epidermis; Langerhans cells-ingest foreign substances and are key activators of immune system
72
Cleavage Lines
Represents separation between underlying collagen fiber bundles; run circularly in trunk and longitudely in limbs
73
Lamellar Granules
contain water resistant glycolipid that's secreted into extracellular space; plays a role(with tight junctions) in slowing water loss across the epidermis
74
Rule of Nines
Divides the body into 11 areas, 9% each and 1% genitals
75
apocrine glands
approx. 2000; axillary/anogenital areas; begin functioning at puberty
76
hemoglobin
oxiginated pigment
77
Nociceptors
Pain Receptors
78
dermis consists of
Papillary and Reticular Dermis
79
Skin: Metabolic Functions
chemical factory; protein synthesis
80
cuticle
single layer of overlapping cells; provide strength + keratin
81
Hairs/pili
flexible strands produced by hair follicles/dead keratinized cells
82
What are the major parts of the integumentary system
skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands
83
Reticular Dermis
coarse, dense irregular connective tissue; parallel to skin surface
84
Skin: excretion
sweat
85
Sun exposure damage
elastic fibers clump together-elastic skin; temporary depresses in immune system; alter DNA of skin cells
86
Skin: Blood Reservoir
5% of blood volume
87
Stratum Lucidum (clear layer)
few layers of flat, dead cells; only in thick skin
88
What layers does the skin consist of
Epidermis and Dermis
89
thermoreceptor
temperature receptor
90
hypodermis
anchors skin to underlying muscle; mostly adipose tissue that absorbs heat/insulates

Human Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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