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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Touch receptor

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2
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue Functions

A

anchors skin to underlying system; shock absorber/insulator to reduce health loss

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3
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

least malignant; 80% of cases; slowing growing; 99% surgery will fix

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4
Q

3 layers of hair

A

medulla, cortex, cuticle

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5
Q

Skin: Cutaneous Sensation

A

receptors

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6
Q

Do changes in nail color mean a medical issue?

A

yes

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7
Q

Sebaceous glands function

A

softens/lubricates hair and skin, slows water loss, prevents brittle hair

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8
Q

hair consists of

A

dead keratinized cells

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9
Q

What are the major areas of the skin?

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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10
Q

Types of Burns

A

1st, 2nd, 3rd

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11
Q

dermis

A

bulk of skin, vascularized, tough/leathery layer composed of dense connective tissue

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12
Q

Melanocytes

A

spider shaped epithelial cells; synthesize melanin

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13
Q

hyponychium

A

secures free edge of the nail plate at tip

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14
Q

variations in color of skin

A

blueness, pallor, redness, yellowness, brown/black, bruise colors

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15
Q

shaft

A

part of hair that protrudes above skin

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16
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

Hypodermis/superficial fascia; adipose tissue w/ areolar connective tissue; not a part of skin but shares some of the protective qualities

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17
Q

A stands for

A

Asymmetry

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18
Q

Keratinocytes

A

produce keratin; held together by desmosomes for strength(or tight junctions to prevent water movement); arises in deepest part(stratum basale)

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19
Q

C stands for

A

color

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20
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

peglike projections; capillary loops, pain receptors, touch receptors

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21
Q

Friction Ridges

A

enhance ability to grip surfaces/enhance vibrations

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21
Q

Friction Ridges

A

enhance ability to grip surfaces/enhance vibrations

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21
Q

Friction Ridges

A

enhance ability to grip surfaces/enhance vibrations

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22
Q

Skin Functions

A

Protection, Body temp regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir and secretion

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23
Q

Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer)

A

1-5 cell layers; process of keratinization begins

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24
Q

nail matrix

A

thickened proximal portion of nailbed

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25
Q

Keratohyalin Granules

A

help form keratin in the upper layers

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26
Q

Epidermis

A

most superficial; composed of epithelial cells; protective shield

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27
Q

peripheral connective tissue sheath

A

forms the external layer of follicle wall

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28
Q

thick skin

A

areas subject to abrasion; palms, finger tips, soles of feet

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29
Q

Tactile Epithelial Cells (Merkel)

A

disc like sensory nerve ending; sensory receptor for touch; present at epidermal/dermal junctions

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30
Q

Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer) 1st

A

20-30 cells thick(3/4 of epidermal thickness); keratin helps protect the skin against abrasion/penetration

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31
Q

How many people will develop skin cancer?

A

1 in 5

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32
Q

sweat glands help control what

A

body temperature

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33
Q

Types of recepotors

A

thermoreceptor, Meissner’s corpuscles, nociceptors, Pacinian corpuscles

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34
Q

Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer)

A

several cell layers thick; certain thick bundles of intermediate filaments; resist tension/anchored to desmosomes; dendritic cells/keratinocytes

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35
Q

Vellus Hair

A

pale, fine hair (kids/females)

36
Q

medulla

A

central core

37
Q

Skin: Body temperature Regulation

A

insensible and sensible perspiration

38
Q

Epithelial Root Sheet (external)

A

direct continuation of epidermis

39
Q

hair papillae

A

knot of capillaries that supplies nutrients to a growing hair and signals it to grow

40
Q

Layers of epidermis

A

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

41
Q

hair follicle receptor

A

knot of sensory nerve endings

42
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

eccrine and apocrine

43
Q

B stands for

A

Border irregularity

44
Q

Cell layers of Epidermis

A

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Dendritic Cells, Tactile Epithelial Cells

45
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

2nd most common; scaley/reddened; grows rapidly/metastasizes

46
Q

root of hair

A

part embedded in skin

47
Q

Flexure Lines

A

Dermis is tightly attached to underlying structures

48
Q

Papillary Dermis

A

areolar connective tissue; fine interlacing collagen and elastic fibers form a loosely woven mat

49
Q

Arrector pili

A

smooth muscle cells (produce goose bumps)

50
Q

Cermicus

A

external ear canal (ear wax)

51
Q

Apocrine sent glands proof

A

sexual foreplay increases activity; enlarges/recedes with menstruation; secretions may act as pheromones

52
Q

glassy membrane

A

basement membrane follicle epithelium

53
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

pressure receptor

54
Q

Critical point for 3rd degree burns

A

10% body covered

55
Q

Critical point for 2nd degree burns

A

25% body covered

56
Q

Melanin

A

polymer (amino acid tyrosine); synthesis depends on enzymes in melanocytes

57
Q

Hard keratin

A

tougher/durable and cells don’t flake off

58
Q

how can we slow aging

A

UV protection, good nutrition, fluids, good hygiene

59
Q

Melanoma Carcinoma

A

highly Mestatic/resistant to chemotherapy

60
Q

D stands for

A

Diameter

61
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebum all over body except hands/feet

62
Q

Vernix Caseosa

A

protects fetus skin in amnion

63
Q

Stratum Basale (Basal layer)

A

stratum germination; single row stem cells; 10-25% melanocytes

64
Q

Epithelial root sheet (internal)

A

derived from matrix cells

65
Q

How does sweat relate to homeostasis

A

survival needs, feedback loops, sensible vs insensible perspiration

66
Q

nail

A

clear protective covering on finger/toe

67
Q

functions of hair

A

sense insects, guard against physical trauma, prevent heat loss and sun exposure

68
Q

eccrine glands

A

sweat: palms, soles of feet, forehead

69
Q

Skin: Protection

A

chemical/physical/biological barriers

70
Q

Carotene

A

yellow/orange pigment that’s converted to vitamin A

71
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

star shaped; arise from bone marrow and migrate to epidermis; Langerhans cells-ingest foreign substances and are key activators of immune system

72
Q

Cleavage Lines

A

Represents separation between underlying collagen fiber bundles; run circularly in trunk and longitudely in limbs

73
Q

Lamellar Granules

A

contain water resistant glycolipid that’s secreted into extracellular space; plays a role(with tight junctions) in slowing water loss across the epidermis

74
Q

Rule of Nines

A

Divides the body into 11 areas, 9% each and 1% genitals

75
Q

apocrine glands

A

approx. 2000; axillary/anogenital areas; begin functioning at puberty

76
Q

hemoglobin

A

oxiginated pigment

77
Q

Nociceptors

A

Pain Receptors

78
Q

dermis consists of

A

Papillary and Reticular Dermis

79
Q

Skin: Metabolic Functions

A

chemical factory; protein synthesis

80
Q

cuticle

A

single layer of overlapping cells; provide strength + keratin

81
Q

Hairs/pili

A

flexible strands produced by hair follicles/dead keratinized cells

82
Q

What are the major parts of the integumentary system

A

skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

83
Q

Reticular Dermis

A

coarse, dense irregular connective tissue; parallel to skin surface

84
Q

Skin: excretion

A

sweat

85
Q

Sun exposure damage

A

elastic fibers clump together-elastic skin; temporary depresses in immune system; alter DNA of skin cells

86
Q

Skin: Blood Reservoir

A

5% of blood volume

87
Q

Stratum Lucidum (clear layer)

A

few layers of flat, dead cells; only in thick skin

88
Q

What layers does the skin consist of

A

Epidermis and Dermis

89
Q

thermoreceptor

A

temperature receptor

90
Q

hypodermis

A

anchors skin to underlying muscle; mostly adipose tissue that absorbs heat/insulates

Human Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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