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Pe > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons females participate in sport less

A
  • seen as the ‘weaker sex’
  • less money is received
  • don’t have enough time
  • fewer role models
  • less media coverage
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2
Q

What is a role model

A

A person looked up to by others as an example to be imitated

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3
Q

Reasons ethnicity affects levels of participation

A
  • less successful people seen
  • cultural and religious traditions
  • no women only gyms
  • suitable kit is expensive
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4
Q

Reasons age affects participation

A
  • little free time
  • amount of disposable income
  • amount of flexibility
  • haven’t reached maximal strength
  • change in tidal and stroke volume
  • change in health
  • likelihood of injury
  • ability to use and take in oxygen
  • skill level
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5
Q

Ways family can help with participation

A
  • provide equipment
  • provide transport
  • becoming a role model
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6
Q

Ways friends and peers can help with participation

A
  • impact you opinion on a sport

- can have a negative attitude towards a sport

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7
Q

Reasons disabilities have an impact on participation

A
  • limited number of coached with the necessary qualification
  • not all local facilities have the adaptations
  • traveling can be problematic
  • media coverage is increasing
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8
Q

What is commercialization

A

The management or exploitation of a person, organization or activity in a way designed to make a profit

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9
Q

What is the media

A

Covers a diverse range of technologies that act as a means of mass communication

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10
Q

Parts of the media

A
  • broadcast media
  • internet and social media
  • print media
  • outdoor media
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11
Q

Examples of broadcast media

A
  • television

- radio

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12
Q

Examples of internet and social media

A

Social media

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13
Q

Examples of print media

A
  • newspapers

- magazines

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14
Q

Examples of outdoor media

A
  • billboards
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15
Q

What is a sponsor

A

An individual or groups which provides support to an event, activity, person or organization

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16
Q

Examples of sponsorship

A
  • financial
  • clothing, equipment and footwear
  • facilities
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17
Q

Positive impacts of sponsorships and the media on performer

A
  • higher wages
  • become hero’s and role models
  • new technology, kit, equipment …
  • more competitions
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18
Q

Negative impacts of sponsorship and the media on performers

A
  • reduce their enjoyment
  • mistakes made can become very public
  • demands
  • maintain their appeal
  • scrutiny on private lives
  • overtraining can lead to injury
  • focused on men
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19
Q

Positive impacts of sponsorship and the media on officials

A
  • become hero’s or role models

- their career path with develop more

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20
Q

Negative impacts of sponsorships and the media on officials

A
  • increased pressure
  • reduces officials enjoyment
  • mistakes are made very public
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21
Q

Positive impacts of sponsorships and the media on the sport

A
  • increased interest
  • more money available
  • bigger prize awards
  • more competitions
  • more role models
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22
Q

Negative impacts of sponsorships and the media on the sport

A
  • rules are changed
  • over exposure can result in lost interest
  • minority and women get less exposure
  • can become dependent on money
  • can sell products that promote poor lifestyle choices
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23
Q

Positive impacts of sponsorships and the media on the audience/spectatops

A
  • easier to support team as online
  • commentary available
  • live coverage
  • information is available
  • improved viewing
  • more competitions
  • more media coverage
  • better quality facilities
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24
Q

Negative impacts of sponsorships and the media on the audience/spectator

A
  • performers have to perform late at night
  • more people stay at home
  • have to pay to watch some sports
  • tickets are expensive
  • more difficult to get hold of tickets
25
Q

Positive impacts of sponsorships and the media on sponsors/company

A
  • name or brand is advertised to a wide audience

- name or brand linked to positive things

26
Q

Negative impacts of sponsorships and the media on sponsors/company

A
  • if sponsors have been in a scandal can jeopardize their brands name
27
Q

Examples of technology used in sports

A
  • Hawkeye
  • performance analysis aids
  • television match officials
28
Q

Positive impacts of technology

A

Performers - analysis aid
- ask officials to review decisions
Sport - makes competition fairer
- correct decisions are made
Officials - additional help
- communicate with each other
- reinforces decisions
Audience - see how decisions are made
- confidence decisions are fair
- add to the tension and excitement
Sponsor - ensure fair play

29
Q

Negative impacts of technology

A 
Performers - might not be available 
                     - can disrupt play
Sport - can disrupt play
Officials - undermine officials 
               - become too reliant 
Audience - cause unrest
                  - can cause problems if have more access than officials 
Sponsors - not available at all levels
30
Q

What is etiquete

A

Convention or unwritten rule in an activity

Not enforced but it is usually observed

31
Q

What is sportsmanship

A

Conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport

32
Q

What is gamesmanship

A

Attempting to gain an advantage by stretching the rules to their limit

33
Q

What is contract to compete

A

An unwritten agreement between opponents to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules of the sport

34
Q

Divisions of performance enhancing drugs

A
  • substances that are prohibited
  • methods that are prohibited
  • legally prescribed drugs
35
Q

Examples of substances that are prohibited

A
  • stimulants
  • narcotic analgesics
  • anabolic agents
  • peptide hormone
  • diuretics
36
Q

Examples of methods that are prohibited

A

Blood doping

37
Q

Examples of legally prescribed substances

A

Beta blockers

38
Q

What is a stimulant

A

Affects the central nervous system, increasing mental and physical alertness and reduces fatigue
- long distance events

39
Q

Side effects of stimulants

A
  • headaches
  • high blood pressure
  • stroke
  • irregular heartbeat
  • anxiety and tremors
  • addictive
  • mask signs of serious injury
  • cause poor judgement
40
Q

What is a narcotic analgesics

A

Reduces the feeling of pain

- morphine

41
Q

Side effects of narcotic analgesics

A
  • slower breathing rate
  • increased pain threshold
  • increase in more injury
  • constipation
  • apathy (no energy to do anything)
  • addictive
42
Q

What is an anabolic agent

A

Artificially produced hormones that mimic testosterone. Promote muscle and bone growth and reduce recovery time

43
Q

Side effects of anabolic agents

A
  • risk of disease
  • infertility
  • injury
  • hair loss
  • acne
  • high blood pressure
  • effects emotional health
  • enlarged breast in men
  • facial hair and deeper voices in women
44
Q

What are peptide hormones

A
  • stimulate production of naturally occurring hormones
45
Q

Examples of peptide hormones

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

- regulates the production of red blood cells

46
Q

Side effects of peptide hormones

A
  • thicker blood
  • relish heart rate
  • increased risk of blood vessels blocking
  • stroke
47
Q

What are diuretic drugs

A

Remove fluid from the body by increasing the rate of urination

48
Q

Side effects of diuretics

A
  • dehydration
  • kidney failure
  • heart failure
  • muscle craps
  • headaches
  • dizziness
49
Q

What is blood doping

A

Removing a performers blood a fire weeks before a competition, freezing it and then re-injecting it
- increases number of red blood cells in blood

50
Q

Side effects of blood doping

A
  • thicker blood
  • heart attach
  • infection
  • blood vessels blocking
  • stroke
51
Q

What are beta blockers

A
  • reduce heart rate, muscle tension and blood pressure
  • reduce the effect of adrenaline
  • improve fine motor controle
    Steady the nerves and have a calming effect
52
Q

Side effects of beta blockers

A
  • nausea
  • tiredness and weakness
  • heart problems
53
Q

Advantages of taking PEDs

A
  • increases chance of success
  • leads to fame and fortune
  • leads to a more level playing field
54
Q

Disadvantaged of taking PEDs

A
  • cheating
  • unethical
  • if caught reputation is damaged
  • if caught can lose winnings
  • if caught leads to banning
  • if caught will be fined
  • serious side effects
  • reputation of sport is damaged
  • credibility of sport is damaged
55
Q

Positive influences of spectators

A
  • create an energetic atmosphere
  • source of revenue
  • give a home field advantage
  • increase the profit of a sport
56
Q

Disadvantages of spectators

A
  • increased pressure
  • scare younger performers
  • crowd trouble
  • hooliganism
  • damage costs money
57
Q

What is hooliganism

A

The disorderly, aggressive and often violent behavior by spectators at sporting events

58
Q

Reasons for hooliganism

A
  • revelries between supporters
  • media hype
  • alcohol and drugs
  • gang culture
  • display of masculinity
  • frustration at events
59
Q

Strategies to combat hooliganism

A
  • early kick of
  • all seater stadium
  • segregation of fans
  • improved security
  • alcoholic restrictions
  • travel restrictions
  • banning orders
  • educating spectators

Pe (6 decks)

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