Chapter 5 Flashcards
Plants have two systems called _______ and ________ systems
shoots and roots systems
The shoot and root systems depend on ________
eachother
Root system gives the plants ________ and ________
Minerals and water
Shoot system gives plants __________ from _________
Sugars from photosynthesis
Stems includes two types of buds
Axillary buds (for branch structure) and Apical buds (vertical structure)
primary growth adds _______
legnth
Secondary growth adds
width
T/F: Only roots have primary growth
False: Primary growth occurs in both roots and shoots
What governs secondary growth in a plant?
Vascular Cambien. (Rings)
Animals have _______ tissue types while plants have ______
four, three
What are the three plant tissue types?
Dermal, Vascular, Ground
What plant tissue is for protection and water loss prevention?
Dermal
What plant tissue is for structure and transport?
Vascular
What plant tissue does storage, photosynthesis, and support?
Ground tissue
What allow plants to exchange gases? (Starts with S)
Stomata
Do plants have a digestive system?
No
T/F: Plants breathe?
T, they take in CO2 and expel O2 and water vapor
Xylem transports (wm) which way?
Water and Minerals, up
what are the two vascular tissue in plants?
Xylem and Phloem
Phloem transports sugars and ________ which way?
organic nutrients downwards
Stomata are regulated by ________ and _________
Guard cells and potassium
Hyper and hypotonic environments regulate the potassium in stomata which determines if _________
The guard cells open or close
Plants don’t use energy to evaporate water. Instead, the ______ is being utilized
The sun
Early and late wood between spring and fall allow you to measure ________
Time and climate change
angiosperms are seeds that make ________
Flowers
Annuals are plants that ________
Live their whole lifespan in a year
In biannual first year, they _______
grow in height and width
In the second year, biannuals ______
Flower
ATP and NADPH come from Light reaction between _______ and. _______ and are given to the _______ cycle
Light and H2O and are given to the Calvin Cycle
T/F carbon hydrogen bonds have low energy
F: Carbon Hydrogen bonds have high energy
Earth’s terrestrial surfaces were relatively lifeless for the first ______ billion years
3 billion
Photo autotrophs make their own _______
Food
Plants convert CO2 into _________
organic carbon
What were the advantages for plants that could be found on land?
More CO2, More sunlight, Less herbivores at the time, Less pathogens, nutrient rich soil
plants were on land at least _______ years ago
475 MYA
Vascular plants have been around since ________ MYA
420 MYA
Extant seed plants have been around since ________ MYA
305 MYA
Oldest ancestor of all plants ________
Ancient Green Algae
T/F: Bryophytes are nonvascular
True
T/F: Plants make sperm cells via meiosis
False: They make sperm cells via mitosis
Spores are make meiotically or mitotically?
Meiotically
T/F: Bryophytes make seeds
False, Bryophytes don’t make seeds
Nonvascular plants make gametophytes that are ________ and sporophytes that are ________
Gametophytes that are dominant and sporophytes that are dependent on those gametophytes
Seedless vascular plants make gametophytes that are ________ and sporophytes that are _________
Gametophytes that are reduced BUT independent and sporophytes that are dominant
Seeded vascular plants are in two categories ________ and _______
gymnosperms and angiosperms
Ferns are _______ Mosses are _______ and Gynosperms are ______
Seedless Vascular, Nonvascular, Seeded Vascular
Seeded vascular plants make gametophytes that are ________ and sporophytes that are _________
Gametophytes that are dependent on the sporophytes and sporophytes that are dominant
Three bryophytes
Liverworts, Hornwarts, and Mosses
T/F: Most of bryophytes embryonic cycle is spent as a diploid
False, Most of bryophytes embryonic cycle is spent as a haploid.
T/F seedless vascular plants have flagellated sperm?
True
Diploid sporophytes undergo meiosis to make haploid spores
T
Roots are new or old?
New
What is a downside to leaves?
They dry out faster
What is an advantage of leaves?
More surface area for sunlight, photosynthesis
Angiosperm have endosperm with ________ cells
triploid
__________ make up most of our food (80%)
angiosperms
