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BIO182 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Plants have two systems called _______ and ________ systems

A

shoots and roots systems

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2
Q

The shoot and root systems depend on ________

A

eachother

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3
Q

Root system gives the plants ________ and ________

A

Minerals and water

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4
Q

Shoot system gives plants __________ from _________

A

Sugars from photosynthesis

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5
Q

Stems includes two types of buds

A

Axillary buds (for branch structure) and Apical buds (vertical structure)

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6
Q

primary growth adds _______

A

legnth

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7
Q

Secondary growth adds

A

width

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8
Q

T/F: Only roots have primary growth

A

False: Primary growth occurs in both roots and shoots

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9
Q

What governs secondary growth in a plant?

A

Vascular Cambien. (Rings)

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10
Q

Animals have _______ tissue types while plants have ______

A

four, three

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11
Q

What are the three plant tissue types?

A

Dermal, Vascular, Ground

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12
Q

What plant tissue is for protection and water loss prevention?

A

Dermal

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13
Q

What plant tissue is for structure and transport?

A

Vascular

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14
Q

What plant tissue does storage, photosynthesis, and support?

A

Ground tissue

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15
Q

What allow plants to exchange gases? (Starts with S)

A

Stomata

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16
Q

Do plants have a digestive system?

A

No

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17
Q

T/F: Plants breathe?

A

T, they take in CO2 and expel O2 and water vapor

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18
Q

Xylem transports (wm) which way?

A

Water and Minerals, up

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19
Q

what are the two vascular tissue in plants?

A

Xylem and Phloem

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20
Q

Phloem transports sugars and ________ which way?

A

organic nutrients downwards

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21
Q

Stomata are regulated by ________ and _________

A

Guard cells and potassium

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22
Q

Hyper and hypotonic environments regulate the potassium in stomata which determines if _________

A

The guard cells open or close

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23
Q

Plants don’t use energy to evaporate water. Instead, the ______ is being utilized

A

The sun

24
Q

Early and late wood between spring and fall allow you to measure ________

A

Time and climate change

25
Q

angiosperms are seeds that make ________

A

Flowers

26
Q

Annuals are plants that ________

A

Live their whole lifespan in a year

27
Q

In biannual first year, they _______

A

grow in height and width

28
Q

In the second year, biannuals ______

A

Flower

29
Q

ATP and NADPH come from Light reaction between _______ and. _______ and are given to the _______ cycle

A

Light and H2O and are given to the Calvin Cycle

30
Q

T/F carbon hydrogen bonds have low energy

A

F: Carbon Hydrogen bonds have high energy

31
Q

Earth’s terrestrial surfaces were relatively lifeless for the first ______ billion years

A

3 billion

32
Q

Photo autotrophs make their own _______

A

Food

33
Q

Plants convert CO2 into _________

A

organic carbon

34
Q

What were the advantages for plants that could be found on land?

A

More CO2, More sunlight, Less herbivores at the time, Less pathogens, nutrient rich soil

35
Q

plants were on land at least _______ years ago

A

475 MYA

36
Q

Vascular plants have been around since ________ MYA

A

420 MYA

37
Q

Extant seed plants have been around since ________ MYA

A

305 MYA

38
Q

Oldest ancestor of all plants ________

A

Ancient Green Algae

39
Q

T/F: Bryophytes are nonvascular

A

True

40
Q

T/F: Plants make sperm cells via meiosis

A

False: They make sperm cells via mitosis

41
Q

Spores are make meiotically or mitotically?

A

Meiotically

42
Q

T/F: Bryophytes make seeds

A

False, Bryophytes don’t make seeds

43
Q

Nonvascular plants make gametophytes that are ________ and sporophytes that are ________

A

Gametophytes that are dominant and sporophytes that are dependent on those gametophytes

44
Q

Seedless vascular plants make gametophytes that are ________ and sporophytes that are _________

A

Gametophytes that are reduced BUT independent and sporophytes that are dominant

45
Q

Seeded vascular plants are in two categories ________ and _______

A

gymnosperms and angiosperms

46
Q

Ferns are _______ Mosses are _______ and Gynosperms are ______

A

Seedless Vascular, Nonvascular, Seeded Vascular

47
Q

Seeded vascular plants make gametophytes that are ________ and sporophytes that are _________

A

Gametophytes that are dependent on the sporophytes and sporophytes that are dominant

48
Q

Three bryophytes

A

Liverworts, Hornwarts, and Mosses

49
Q

T/F: Most of bryophytes embryonic cycle is spent as a diploid

A

False, Most of bryophytes embryonic cycle is spent as a haploid.

50
Q

T/F seedless vascular plants have flagellated sperm?

A

True

51
Q

Diploid sporophytes undergo meiosis to make haploid spores

A

T

52
Q

Roots are new or old?

A

New

53
Q

What is a downside to leaves?

A

They dry out faster

54
Q

What is an advantage of leaves?

A

More surface area for sunlight, photosynthesis

55
Q

Angiosperm have endosperm with ________ cells

A

triploid

56
Q

__________ make up most of our food (80%)

A

angiosperms

BIO182 (7 decks)

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