Ch1 Flashcards
What is a one sentence description for evolution?
Change over time
Change over time
evolution
What makes Darwin different from earlier scientists?
He was able to come up with a testable hypothesis
Lyle and Hutton (geologists) came up with two forms of geology
gradualism and uniformitarianism
The concept of gradualism
How things evolve gradually, such as in the case of cars. 2002-2003 look similar but 2002 and 2022 have a drastic difference.
The concept of uniformitarianism
That a cause (such as flooding on mountains) will create the same effect wherever present, regardless of region.
Homologous structures
structures that many species have alike that are shared from common ancestor
Directional selection
favors individuals on one homozygous end of the phenotypic spectrum
Disruptive selection
Favors individuals on both homozygous ends of the phenotypic spectrum
Stabilizing Selection
Does not favor any homozygous phenotypes, but favors intermediate phenotypes.
Sexual Selection
The idea that females of a population are the selective pressure and determine the fitness of a male population.
sexual dimorphism
Marked differences between males and females by secondary sex characteristics
_________ selection happens when males in a population compete with each other for who is going to be able to mate
intrasexual selection
________ selection happens when females within a population choose their mates based on specific phenotypes
intersexual selection
Males showiness within a population may be good for __________ but bad for _________
attraction, survival
Good genes hypothesis
If a male has specific phenotypic features, he is thought to have good genes.
Who have the bigger alimentary canals/digestive tracts? (Omnivores, Herbivores or Carnivores)
Herbivores, to get nutrient out of plants
osmoconformers
surroundings regulate osmolarity
osmoconformers
surroundings regulate osmolarity
osmoregulators
use energy to adapt to hyper/hypo osmotic environment
Fish want to be the (same/opposite) of their environment
opposite
Fish want to be the (same/opposite) of their environment
opposite
Three ways animals maintain water levels?
- Eating
- Drinking
- Absorption from waste
Fish make ________ and excrete it via ____ and ______
Ammonia and via skin and bladder
Mammals make _________ which saves them water but have to use more ______
urea but use more energy
