Ch. 7 Flashcards
One animal species feeding on another animal species
predation
Animal species feeding on plants
herbivory
One species fighting with another for access to resources
Competition
What are the three forms of symbiosis
parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism
When strong competition isn’t present between species, and competitive exclusion doesn’t take place, __________ _______ happens to be present
ecological niche
A niche feature enables __________
multiple species to benefit from a structure made by one species
Resource partitioning shapes species by _________
allowing them to live in the same area, but requiring that they do not use the same resources. Such as boundaries.
In character displacement, features are more divergent allopatrically or sympatrically?
sympatrically (within the same areas)
three ways that animals that are preyed on establish defense,
- herds 2. body armor (shells, spines, toxins) 3. camouflage
three ways that animals that are preyed on establish defense,
- herds 2. body armor (shells, spines, toxins) 3. camouflage
______ coloration hides preyed on species, while ________ coloration is their way of warning predators of their poison
cryptic, aposematic
batesian mimicry
A species imitates a dangerous species, even though it, itself isn’t (mimicking batista)
Mullerian mimicry
when two dangerous species have the same patterns
Positive negative interaction
parasitism
positive positive interaction
mutualism
positive/unaffected interaction
commensalism
Obligate mutualism
Both parties get a positive positive benefit but more importantly can’t survive without each other
T/F animals digest plant material on their own
False, animals don’t digest plant material on their own. The internal fungus and bacteria do.
Facultative mutualism is the phenomena in which
both species can survive alone, but greatly benefit from living together
The two components of species diversity
Richness and relative abundance
Richness is _________ while relative abundance is ______
the amount of variety, the percentage per group
Relative abundance is proportional to __________
The species that are present
Moderate levels of disturbance, results in ______
The highest variety of species
Does human disturbance typically increases or reduces species diversity?
reduces
T/F Phytoplankton have the biggest effect on communities worldwide because most animals consume them
False, humans have the biggest effect
T/F Phytoplankton have the biggest effect on communities worldwide because most animals consume them
False, humans have the biggest effect
The study of energy transformation
Thermodynamics
First law of thermodynamics
Energy can be transformed and transferred but not created not destroyed
_________ energy in food transfers to _______ energy
chemical to kinetic
T/F: There is an energy source that is 100% efficient so no heat is lost
F: No transformation is 100% efficient. The more work, the more entropy (loss of heat) (Second law)
_______ consumers eat plants, __________ consumers eat things that eat plants
Primary, secondary
Are oceans heating up faster than lands?
Yes
cons of ice heating up
- No frozen water reservoir for water to trickle 2. Less reflection so more heating up 3. Less absorption of heat via ice in water
