Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy and Physiology Chap. 4-6 > CHAPTER 5 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the

a) dermis.
b) epidermis.
c) stratum corneum.
d) stratum basale.
e) hypodermis.

A

HYPODERMIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the

a) epidermis.
b) dermis.
c) hypodermis.
d) subcutaneous layer.
e) superficial fascia.

A

EPIDERMIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Choose the following statements that describe keratin.

  1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein.
  2. Keratin is used for pigmenting skin.
  3. Keratin helps protect the skin.
  4. Keratin participates in immune responses.
  5. Keratin protects the skin from UV light.

a) 1 and 3
b) 1, 3, 4, 5
c) 2, 4, 5
d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
e) 3 and 5

A
  1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein.

3. Keratin helps protect the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light?

a) Keratin
b) Melanin
c) Melatonin
d) Carotene
e) Hemoglobin

A

MELANIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?

a) Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)
b) Melanocytes
c) Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells)
d) Stem Cells

A

Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes.

a) Stratum basale
b) Stratum spinosum
c) Stratum granulosum
d) Stratum lucidum
e) Stratum corneum

A

a) Stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the

a) stratum basale.
b) stratum spinosum.
c) stratum granulosum.
d) stratum lucidum.
e) stratum corneum.

A

c) stratum granulosum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which statements are true?

  1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum.
  2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles.
  3. Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum.
  4. Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses.

a) 1, 2, 3, 4
b) 1 and 4
c) 2, 3, 4
d) 1 and 2
e) 3 and 4

A
  1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum.
  2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the

a) stratum basale.
b) stratum spinosum.
c) stratum granulosum.
d) stratum lucidum.
e) stratum corneum.

A

a) stratum basale.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Put the events of keratinization in order.

A. Accumulate keratohyalin granules
B. Cells increase in size, some retain ability to divide
C. Cell membrane thickens. Cells imbedded in lipid matrix.
D. Cells within this layer proliferate

a) d,b,c,a
b) a,b,d,c
c) b,d,a,c
d) d,b,a,c

A

D. Cells within this layer proliferate
B. Cells increase in size, some retain ability to divide
A. Accumulate keratohyalin granules
C. Cell membrane thickens. Cells embedded in lipid matrix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the

a) hypodermis.
b) basement membrane.
c) epidermis.
d) dermis.
e) subcutaneous (subQ) layer.

A

subcutaneous (subQ) layer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce

a) melanin.
b) carotene.
c) both melanin and carotene.
d) keratin.
e) melanocytes.

A

a) melanin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation?

a) Melanocytes
b) Sebaceous glands
c) Sweat glands
d) Stratum lucidum
e) Epidermal ridges

A

c) Sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anorexia may cause adults to develop fine, unpigmented hairs to help with warmth and insulation. Which type of hair is described?

a) Terminal
b) Vellus
c) Lanugo
d) Papilla

A

c) Lanugo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine secretion.

a) Sebaceous gland
b) Eccrine gland
c) Apocrine gland
d) Eccrine and apocrine glands
e) Sebaceous and Eccrine glands

A

a) Sebaceous gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secretion mixture of fats, sterols, proteins and salts, that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria.

a) Sweat
b) Cerumen
c) Sebum
d) Mucus

A

c) Sebum

17
Q

Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation?

a) Sebaceous gland
b) Eccrine sweat gland
c) Apocrine sweat gland
d) Ceruminous gland

A

b) Eccrine sweat gland

18
Q

A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is a(n)

a) hypertrophic scar.
b) keloid scar.
c) granulation scar.
d) epidermal scar.

A

b) keloid scar.

19
Q

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant’s blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is

a) cyanosis.
b) pallor.
c) jaundice.
d) alopecia.
e) erythema.

A

c) jaundice.

20
Q

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase, what pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin?

a) Carotene production
b) Melanin production
c) Tyrosine production
d) Hemoglobin production
e) Keratin production

A

b) Melanin production

21
Q

Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults?

a) Hirsutism
b) Pallor
c) Jaundice
d) Male-pattern baldness
e) Erythema

A

d) Male-pattern baldness

22
Q

A child is examined for chronic, pruritic (itching), plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body. What condition is the child most likely presenting?

a) Hemangioma
b) Keratosis
c) Hives
d) Eczema

A

d) Eczema

23
Q

A ballet dancer may form hardened areas over their toe joints due to constant pressure and friction from their point shoes. What skin condition most likely developed on their toe joints?

a) Callus
b) Blister
c) Wart
d) Corn
e) Cyst

A

d) Corn

24
Q

) Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury?

a) Abrasion
b) Blister
c) Keloid
d) Laceration
e) Cyst

A

d) Laceration

25
Q

An individual allergic to peanut butter eats a snack containing trace amounts. While the reaction is not severe, the individual shows signs of elevated patches all over their skin. These patches are

a) urticaria.
b) contusions.
c) papules.
d) cysts.
e) calluses.

A

a) urticaria.

26
Q

Which terms describe sebaceous glands?

  1. oil producing
  2. merocrine
  3. holocrine
  4. thermoregulation
  5. sebum
  6. apocrine
A
  1. oil producing
  2. holocrine
  3. sebum
27
Q

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis.

a) Basale, spinosum, granulosom, corneum
b) Granulosom, spinosum, lucidum, corneum, basale
c) Corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale
d) Corneum, granulosom, spinosum, basale
e) Corneum, granulosom, lucidum, spinosum, basale

A

c) Corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

28
Q

How do nutrients reach the epidermis?

a) Absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin
b) Utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis
c) The outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living.
d) Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

A

d) Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

29
Q

“Goose bumps” are caused by

a) contraction of arrector pili muscles.
b) secretions from the sudoriferous glands.
c) contraction of dermal papillae.
d) stimulation of hair root plexus.
e) secretions from the sebaceous gland.

A

a) contraction of arrector pili muscles.

30
Q

Most adipose tissue in the body is considered ‘white fat’. Why is the subcutaneous layer often yellowish-orange?

a) The pigment carotene is stored there.
b) The pigment hemoglobin is stored there.
c) The pigment pheomelanin is stored there.
d) The pigment eumelanin is stored there.
e) The pigment keratin is stored there.

A

a) The pigment carotene is stored there.

31
Q

From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin develop?

a) Endoderm
b) Ectoderm
c) Mesoderm
d) Both endoderm and ectoderm

A

b) Ectoderm

32
Q

Which statements describing vitamin D are true?

  1. The skin produces Vitamin D when exposed to UV light.
  2. When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys.
  3. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light.
  4. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines.
  5. Vitamin D inhibits the function of phagocytes in immunity.
A
  1. When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys.
  2. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light.
  3. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines.
33
Q

Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis. Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin c?

a) Papillary region of the dermis
b) Reticular region of the dermis
c) Subcutaneous layer
d) Hypodermis
e) Epidermis

A

b) Reticular region of the dermis

34
Q

Which statements describe the function and structure of the skin?

  1. Collagen is the strongest fiber in the skin.
  2. Blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with nutrients.
  3. The arrangement of epidermal ridges, mixed with sweat create fingerprints.
  4. The papillary layer is the strongest portion of the dermis.
  5. The reticular layer promotes stretching of the skin.
A
  1. Collagen is the strongest fiber in the skin.
  2. Blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with nutrients.
  3. The papillary layer is the strongest portion of the dermis.
  4. The reticular layer promotes stretching of the skin.
35
Q

The skin is known as the ________ membrane.

a) cutaneous
b) mucous
c) synovial
d) serous
e) subcutaneous

A

a) cutaneous

36
Q

In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect

a) the ability to thermoregulate.
b) the ability to grow hair.
c) the ability to feel sensations.
d) the ability to produce vitamin D.

A

a) the ability to thermoregulate.

37
Q

A pair of scissors slips while you are cutting paper. You slice through your forearm and blood appears. What is the order of the skin you cut from superficial to deep.

  1. dermis
  2. Stratum spinosum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum corneum
  5. Stratum basale
  6. Stratum lucidum
A

d) 4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 1
4. Stratum corneum
6. Stratum lucidum
3. Stratum granulosum
2. Stratum spinosum
5. Stratum basale
1. dermis

38
Q

________ is/are a result of a progressive loss of collagen and elastic fibers.

a) Rosacea
b) Wrinkles
c) Photosensitivity
d) Melanoma

A

b) Wrinkles

39
Q

An increase in the size or decrease in function of melanocytes can lead to

a) atypical skin pigmentation.
b) melanoma.
c) vitiligo.
d) rosacea.

A

a) atypical skin pigmentation.

anatomy and Physiology Chap. 4-6 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions