Chapter 5 Flashcards
How many electrons in s-orbital?
2 electrons
How many electrons in p-orbital?
6 electrons
How many electrons in d-orbital?
10 electrons
How many electrons in f-orbital?
14 electrons
What is an atomic orbital?
Is a region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins
What is a shape of s-orbitals?
Spherical shapes
What is a shape of p-orbitals?
Dumbbells
What is the order of subshells?
1s - 2s- 2p- 3s- 3p- 4s- 3d- 4p- 4d- 4f
Why is 4s filled before 3d?
Because 4s orbital has a lower ionisation energy than 3d.
What are orbitals with the same energy are occupied singly first?
- this prevents any repulsion between paired electrons until there is no further orbital available at the same energy level
- the arrow going in the opposite direction represents the different spins of the electron in the orbital.
What is average bond enthalpy?
It is used to measure covalent bond strength. The larger the value of the average bond enthalpy the stronger the covalent bond.
What is ionic bonding?
It is the strong electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in a lattice.
What is giant ionic lattice?
It results from oppositely charged ions strongly attracted in all direction (e.gNaCL)
What are three properties of ionic bonding?
- high melting & boiling points - lots of energy needed to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction in the lattice
- soluble in water - tend to dissolve in polar solvents such as water because of the electrostatic interactions occur between charged ions.
- electrical insulators when solid, but conductors when aqueous
What is a covalent bond?
Is the strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.
