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Biology D2L > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four most important large molecules in all living things?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids

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2
Q

What are the three large molecules that are macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

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3
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

large molecules/polymers

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4
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long molecule consisting of similar or identical building blocks linked together by covalent bonds. (Poly - many)

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5
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures. (Mono - one)

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6
Q

What is a dehydration reaction?

A

A chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of H2O. (Monomer + Monomer —> Polymer (H2O)

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7
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by adding H2O.
(Polymer (H2O) —> Monomer Created)

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8
Q

C6H12O6 (Glucose) is a monomer or a polymer?

A

Monomer

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9
Q

When two monomers are joined, a molecule of ____ is always removed.

A

H2O

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10
Q

What are the monomers of all carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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11
Q

Ribose is a five-carbon sugar with the formula C5H10O5. What is the type of sugar created?

A

Hexose Sugar

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12
Q

What is the formula for all hexose sugars and all triose sugars?

A

C3H6O3

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13
Q

Maltose is formed from which two monosaccharides?

A

2 Glucose (C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 = C12H22O11 + H2O)

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14
Q

Sucrose is formed from which two monosaccharides?

A

1 Glucose and 1 Fructose (C6H12O6 (Glucose) + C6H12O6 (Fructose = C12H22O11)

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15
Q

Lactose is formed from which two monosaccharides?

A

1 Glucose and 1 Galactose (C6H12O6 (Glucose) + C6H12O6 (Galactose) = C12H22O11)

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16
Q

What is a Glycosidic Linkage?

A

A covalent bond between the monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.

17
Q

Why can humans not digest cellulose and what can we digest?

A

We do not possess the beta enzymes needed to digest cellulose and we can only break down alpha 1, 4, and 1, 2 linkages.

18
Q

What is Glycogen?

A

Glycogen is a glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and is the animal equivalent of starch.; is only produced by animals w/ vertebrates.

19
Q

What is Chitin?

A

A structural polysaccharide that comprises plant cell walls.

Biology D2L (4 decks)

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