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Biology D2L > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of bond does carbon share with other elements?

A

Covalent bonds

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Hydrogen and carbon that are connected

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3
Q

How much carbon is in pentose?

A

Five

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4
Q

What is an isomer?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties

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5
Q

How can carbon skeletons differ?

A

Length, straight or branched (bent), position of double bond, arranged in rings

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6
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Differ in the arrangement of covalent bonds

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7
Q

What are cis isomers?

A

Atoms on the same side of a double bond

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8
Q

What are trans isomers?

A

Atoms on different sides of a double bond

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9
Q

How can enantiomers vary in pharmacological effects?

A

The mirrored image of isomers will be ineffective (different receptors)

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10
Q

What is the structure of a hydroxyl group?

A

-HO/OH-

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11
Q

What is the structure of a CarBOXyl group?

A

-COOH

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12
Q

What is the structure of a CarBONyl group?

A

C=O

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13
Q

What is the structure of an Amino group?

A

-NH2

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14
Q

What is the structure of a Sulfhydryl group?

A

-SH

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15
Q

What is the structure of a phosphate group?

A

-OPO3^2-

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16
Q

What is the structure of a methyl group?

A

-CH3

17
Q

Which functional group is a key component of ATP?

A

Phosphate (-OPO3^2-)

18
Q

Which two functional groups are always polar?

A

CarBONyl and Hydroxyl

19
Q

Which two functional groups act as an acid?

A

CarBOXyl and Phosphate

20
Q

Which functional group acts as a base?

A

Amino

21
Q

What does ATP do?

A

Releases energy that can be used for cell work

22
Q

What is a functional group?

A

Groups involved with chemical reactions

23
Q

What do hydrocarbons do?

A

Provide energy in fat molecules

24
Q

Are hydrocarbons hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophobic

25
Q

What are enantiomers?

A

Molecules that mirror each other because of an asymmetrical carbon (left hand/ right hand)

26
Q

What is the formula for Pentane?

A

C5H12

27
Q

What elements does carbon commonly bond with?

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (HON)

28
Q

What happens when ATP with water?

A

Forms ADP

Biology D2L (4 decks)

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