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Unit 2 Biology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A
  • membrane bound nucleus

- think compartmentalization

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2
Q

Posses a cytoskeleton for

A
  • support

- maintain structure

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

o Repository of genetic information

o Most eukaryotic cells possess a single nucleus

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4
Q

Nucleolus

A

o Where ribosomal RNA synthesis takes place

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5
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

o 2 phospholipid bilayers
o Nuclear pores
 Control passage in and out

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6
Q

In eukaryotes DNA is

A

divided into multiple linear chromosomes

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7
Q

Chromatin

A

Chromosomes + protein

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8
Q

Chromosomes

A

o Composed of a single DNA molecule with proteins (Chromatin)

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9
Q

Ribosomes (Eukaryotic)

A
  • Protein synthesis
  • rRna protein complex
  • Attached to RER
  • Inside mitochondria and chloroplasts
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10
Q

Endo

A

“Within”

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11
Q

Endomembrane system

A

divides cells into compartments

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12
Q

Rough ER (RER)

A

 Ribosomes to membranes gives a rough appearance

 Synthesis of proteins sent to lysosomes

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13
Q

Smooth ER (SER)

A

 Few bound ribosomes
 Synthesis
 Store Ca2+
 Detoxification

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14
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

o Flattened stacks of membranes

o Function and distribution proteins from one location to another

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15
Q

Cis (GA)

A

Nearest to the ER

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16
Q

Trans (GA)

A

Nearest to Plasma Membrane

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17
Q

Lysosomes

A

o Membrane-bounded digestive vesticles
o From Golgi Apparatus
o Enzyme catalyze
o Destroy cells or foreign matter

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18
Q

Peroxisomes

A

o Enzymes

o Hydrogen peroxide

19
Q

Vacuoles

A 
o	Membrane bound structures
o	Different typses
	Central vacuole in plant cells
	Contractile vacole of fungi and protists
	Storage vacuoles
20
Q
  • Mitochondria (function)
A

o Cellular respiration
o Metabolic process
-Oxygen to ATP

21
Q
  • Chloroplast (function)
A

o Site photosynthesis

-Light to ATP

22
Q

Mitochondira are found in

A

All eukaryotes

23
Q

Mitochondria structure

A 
	Outer membrane
	Space
	Inner membrane
         -Has cristae
	Matrix (Like cytoplasm)
24
Q
  • Chloroplasts (Structure)
A 
o	Thylakoids
         -Membranous sacs
o	Ganum
         -Stacked thylakoids 
o	Stroma
          -Internal fluid (like cytoplasm)
25
Q

Cytoskeletons are….

A

Dynamic

26
Q

Cytoskeleton is made up of

A

o Network of protein fibers found in all eukaryotic cells

      - Keeps shape
      - Keeps organelles in fixed location
27
Q

Microfilament

A
  • Two proteins chains loosely twined together

* Movements like contraction, crawling, “pinching

28
Q

Intermediate filaments

A
  • Medium

* Very stable

29
Q

Microtubules

A
  • Largest
  • Dimers of a- and b- tubulin subunits
  • Facilatate movement of cell and materials within cell
30
Q

Centrosomes

A

 Surround centrioles

 Microtubule-organizing center

31
Q

Cell movement

A

 Tied to actin filaments , microtubules or both

32
Q

Cell Walls

A
  • Protect the plant cell

- Prevents excessive uptake of water

33
Q

Primary cell wall

A

Relatively thin and flexible

34
Q

Secondary cell wall

A

Between plasma membrane and primary cell wall

35
Q

Extracellur Matrix (ECM)

A

 Secrete an elaborate mixture of glycoproteins into the space around them
 Collagen may be abundant
 Form a protective layer over cell surfaces
 Regulate cell behaivor

36
Q

Integrins

A

 ECM proteins binds to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane called integrins
 Think hooks

37
Q

MHC proteins

A

 Recognition of “self” and “non-self” cells

38
Q

Adhesive junctions

A

• Mechanically attached cytoskeletons of neighboring cells or the ECM

39
Q

Tight junction

A

• Connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells in a sheet

40
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

 Plant cells
 Communicate together
 Channels that perforate plant cell walls

41
Q

All cells

A
  • Plasma, or cell membrane
  • Cytosol or cytoplasm
  • Chromosomes
  • Ribosomes
42
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A
  • No nucleus
  • DNA in nucleoid
  • No membrane bound organells
  • Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane
  • Peptidoglycan cell walls
43
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A
  • DNA in a nucleus
  • Membrane bound organells
  • Cytoplasm in between plasma membrane and nucleus
  • Large than prokaryotic cells

Unit 2 Biology (4 decks)

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