Chapter 5 Flashcards
how are MeOH and EtOH obtained
from biological sources and are synthetically used in the lab/industry
what is the -OH group the same as
the H-OH group, we will se similarities and differences between ROH and water
how is MeOH manufactured
via “destructive distillation”
- heat wood to 250 C without air
- large molecules of wood degrade to smaller molecules and one is MeOH
called wood alcohol
does MeOH have a high or low bp
low
fun facts about methanol
- toxic to eat
- colorless liquid
how is MeOH collected
via distillation
equation for MeOH
CO + H2 = MeOH
EtOH is in
alcoholic beverages
how is EtOH made
via yeast fermentation of aqueous sugars and starches (corn, rice, potato, grain)
called grain alcohol
what does fermentation of EtOH use
enzymes
equation for EtOH
grain => EtOH & CO2 (enzyme catalyzed
fun facts about ethanol
- can be used as fuel
- less toxic when ingested than methanol
MeOH and EtOH physical similarities
- evaporate easily
- flammable
- less dense than H2O
- miscible with H2O
MeOH, EtOH & H2O
relatively high boiling point
what are polyols
more than one OH group
what is ethylene glycol
antifreeze
what is the conjugate base of ROH
-RO
example of a reaction with methanol
MeOH + base => MeO- + Base-H
what is MeOH in terms of acids and bases and why
MeOH is a bronsted acid, and it donates a H+ proton to the base
example of a strong base
amide (NH2)
why are strong bases important
equilibrium lies to weaker acid/base
so you need a strong enough base
what is most manufactured MeOH converted to
formaldehyde
formaldehyde reaction
MeOH + O2 => formaldehyde and water
oxidation
loss of electrons
gaining oxygen or removing H
reduction
gain of electrons
gaining hydrogen or loosing oxygen
