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Physics > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

As the transducer emits pulses, it causes _

A

large fluctuations of intensity in the region through which the pulses move.

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2
Q

Each pulse consists of multiple cycles that produce _

A

intensity variations within the pulse itself.

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3
Q

Intensity is the ultrasound beam’s _

A

power divided by area

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4
Q

Five key words are related to the intensities of pulsed waves:

A
  • Spatial
  • Peak
  • Average
  • Temporal
  • Pulsed
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5
Q

Spatial refers to

A

Distance or space

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6
Q

Does an ultrasound beam have the same intensity at different locations within the beam?

A

No

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7
Q

Temporal refers to

A

all time, transmit and receive.

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8
Q

Does a pulsed ultrasound beam have to same intensity at different time?

A

No

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9
Q

Peak refers to

A

The maximum value

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10
Q

Average refers to

A

The mathematical middle value

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11
Q

Pulsed refers to

A

only to the transmit time (pulse duration)

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12
Q

Does a pulsed ultrasound beam have the same intensity at different times during the pulse.

A

No

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13
Q

Pulsed average is the _

A

average intensity for the pulse duration only (ignoring listening time)

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14
Q

MEASURING AND REPORTING SOUND BEAM INTENSITY:

The strength of a sound beam varies depending on _

A

the measurement point within the beam.

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15
Q

MEASURING AND REPORTING SOUND BEAM INTENSITY: Intensity also varies over time in pulsed ultrasound depending on

A

whether the system is transmitting or receiving.

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16
Q

SPATIAL CONSIDERATIONS: The intensity of a sound beam varies depending on

A

the location of the measurement

17
Q

The beam’s intensity at the location where it is maximum.

A

Spatial peak intensity (Isp)

18
Q

the average intensity across the beam’s entire cross-sectional area.

A

Spatial average intensity (Isa)

19
Q

TEMPORAL CONSIDERATIONS: In addition to location within the beam, sound wave intensities also vary

A

Over time

20
Q

There are _ different methods of measuring intensity in pulsed ultrasound.

A

4

21
Q

The intensity of the beam at the instant in time of its maximal value.

A

Temporal peak intensity (Itp)

22
Q

The time-averaged intensity over the largest half-cycle in the pulse at the spatial peak.

A

Maximum Intensity (Imor Imax)

23
Q

The average intensity during the pulse duration (the transmit time).

A

Pulse average intensity (Ipa

24
Q

The average intensity during the entire pulse repetition period (both transmit and receive times).

A

Temporal average intensity (Ita)

25
Q

Temporal Intensities from largest to smallest:

A
  • Temporal Peak Intensity
  • Maximum Intensity (Imax)
  • Pulse Average Intensity
  • Temporal Average Intensity
26
Q

COMBINING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FACTORS: For the study of bioeffects, the intensity characteristics of sound must be described accurately with regard to

A

Time and space

27
Q

COMBINING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FACTORS: Spatial Peak Temporal Peak (Isptp): measured at the location where _

A

ntensity is maximum and the instant in time when the most powerful part of the pulse passes

28
Q

COMBINING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FACTORS: Spatial Peak Pulse Average (Isppa): measured at the location where

A

ntensity is maximum, averaged over the transmit time (pulse duration)

29
Q

COMBINING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FACTORS: Spatial Peak Temporal Average (Ispta): measured at the location where

A

ntensity is maximum and averaged over all time, both the transmit and receive times.

30
Q

COMBINING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FACTORS: Spatial Average Temporal Average (Isata): measured

A

over the entire cross-sectional area of the sound beam, and over all time.

31
Q

SPTP

A

Highest peak value

Spatial peak, temopral peak

32
Q

SATP

A

Spatial average, temporal peak

33
Q

SPTA

A

Most important for thermal bioeffects

Spatial peak, temporal average

34
Q

SATA

A

Lowest value

Spatial average, temporal average

35
Q

SPPA

A

Spatial peak, pulse average

36
Q

SAPA

A

Spatial average, pulse average

Physics (25 decks)

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