Chapter 23 Flashcards

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1
Q

the patient has the capacity to act intentionally, with understanding, and with free will.
•Informed consent

A

Respect for Autonomy

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2
Q

Respect for Autonomy

A

the patient has the capacity to act intentionally, with understanding, and with free will.
•Informed consent

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3
Q

We avoid needless harm or injury to
the patient, whether by action or interaction.
•Requires medical competence

A

Nonmaleficence

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4
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

We avoid needless harm or injury to
the patient, whether by action or interaction.
•Requires medical competence

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5
Q

The actions of health care providers
should benefit the patient.
•Includes improving patients health as well as preventing disease in the general population

A

Beneficence

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6
Q

Beneficence

A

The actions of health care providers
should benefit the patient.
•Includes improving patients health as well as preventing disease in the general population

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7
Q

Equal treatment regardless of age, gender, educational background, and other factors

A

Justice

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8
Q

Justice

A

Equal treatment regardless of age, gender, educational background, and other factors

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9
Q

The process by which patients are educated about the essentials of a medical procedure.

A

Informed consent

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10
Q

Informed consent

A

The process by which patients are educated about the essentials of a medical procedure.

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11
Q

Informed consent allows the patient to

A

make an informed, educated, and voluntary decision about the health care they are to receive.

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12
Q

Informed consent gives patients an opportunity to be

A

a knowledgeable participant in their health care decisions.

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13
Q

Complete informed consent includes the following:

A

The nature of the procedure
•Reasonable alternatives
•The risks, benefits, and uncertainties related to each alternative
•Assessment of the patient’s understanding
•The patient’s acceptance

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14
Q

For a patient’s consent to be valid, the patient must be

A

considered competent to make the decision and the consent must be voluntary

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15
Q

Informed consent: if the patient is incapacitated or incapable of providing consent,

A

the patient’s guardian or a surrogate decision maker must provide consent.

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16
Q

Informed consent: if the patient does not speak English,

A

a translator may be necessary to obtain consent.

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17
Q

Can a patient withdraw consent at anytime and end the exam?

A

Yes

18
Q

Upon meeting a patient:

A

Treat the patient respectfully, introduce yourself, describe the procedure and your role in performing it.
•Identify the patient – use wrist band if present. If no wrist band, ask patient their name and date of birth.

19
Q

What should you do if the patient is sedated and does not have a wrist band?

A

If inpatient, send them back and not do the exam until able to identify the patient

20
Q

the quality of being worthy, honored, or esteemed.

A

Dignity

21
Q

Dignity

A

the quality of being worthy, honored, or esteemed.

22
Q

Every patient has a right to be

A

treated in a dignified manner

23
Q

Dignity includes a perception of

A

being in control and having self worth.

24
Q

Factors that make a patient vulnerable to a loss of dignity include

A

advanced age, infirmity, and lack of privacy.

25
Q

Ergonomics studies the interaction between

A

the sonographer, patient, and equipment in order to optimize the well-being of sonographers in their professional environment.

26
Q

_ out of _ sonographers experience pain from work related musculoskeletal injury.

A

3 out of 4

27
Q

Nearly _% of sonographers end their careers as a result of such injuries.

A

20

28
Q

Causes of injury

A
repetitive motions
•forceful or awkward movements
•poor posture
•improper positioning
•strain,
•pressure on joints for extended periods
29
Q

Ergonomic devices

A

wrist support braces •adaptive support cushions •cable braces
•ergonomic transducer design
•chairs with adjustable armrests and footrests
• bed designs with expanded adjustment options
•control panel and monitor articulation

30
Q

Ergonomics: Best Practices

A

keeping your arm close to your body
•staying close to the patient
•positioning the system’s monitor directly in front of you and at eye level
•minimizing the extent of twisting or bending over
•using proper sitting positions
•Holding the probe using a whole hand grip rather than just the fingers
•Keeping the wrist in a neutral position •Using proper foot support

31
Q

Laboratory Policies and Procedures

must include

A

standards for ergonomics and sonographer health

32
Q

Lab policies and procedures should include

A

educational programs regarding best practices, proper use of equipment, and safety concerns.

33
Q

_ can reduce workplace injuries

A

Effective patient scheduling, avoid scheduling the same type of exam consecutively, limit the number of studies each day

34
Q

Standard Precautions

A

A set of guidelines to minimize the exposure and risk of health care workers when in contact with a patient.

35
Q

Standard precautions are based on the idea that

A

all patients should be treated as potentially infectious

36
Q

Standard precautions are an extension and clarification of

A

Universal precautions

37
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

38
Q

Universal Precautions:

•1.

A

all work activities should be classified according to the potential for exposure. (appropriate equipment should be used based on the potential for exposure)

39
Q

Universal Precautions:

•2.

A

a detailed work practice program should be developed that includes standard operating procedures for all activities that have the potential for exposure.

40
Q

Universal Precautions:

•3.

A

the employer should monitor workers to ensure that the required work practices are observed and that protective clothing and equipment are provided and properly used.