Chapter 4A/B Prokaryotic + DNA replication

Question 1

polymer

Answer 1

a long chain of repeating similar smaller molecules called monomers.
-DNA is a polymer of monomers called nucleotides

Question 2

nucleotide

Answer 2

-Sugar (5-carbon) which has a 5’ (5th carbon) and 3’(3rd carbon) formation.
-Phosphate which is attached to the 5th base.
- Nitrogenous Base is attached to the 1st base.

Question 3

DNA Replication main characteristics

Answer 3

-New nucleotides go towards the DNA helicase
-New nucleotides can only be added to the 3’ strand, which is the leading strand

Question 4

DNA helicase role

Answer 4

spiralling enzyme that unzips DNA into 2 strands

Question 5

DNA polymerase III role

Answer 5

an enzyme that builds a polymer of nucleotides in the leading strand

Question 6

primase role

Answer 6

an enzyme that lays down RNA primer on the lagging strand that creates a 3’ end so that replication can occur.
-creates another primer closer to the replication fork, repeating this process, another Okazaki Fragment.

Question 7

Okazaki fragment role

Answer 7

Section of DNA created by DNA polymerase III which extends this RNA away from the replication fork until it reaches the 5’ end

Question 8

DNA polymerase I role

Answer 8

cuts out the primer RNA, replacing it with DNA nucleotides

Question 9

ligase

Answer 9

patches up the gaps between the Okazaki fragments

Question 10

binary fission

Answer 10

when one parent cell is split into 2 identical daughter cells.

Question 11

nucleoid

Answer 11

a dark staining section of a prokaryote that contains DNA.
-Contains a single circular chromosome.
-Not membrane-bound.

Question 12

For DNA replication in a Prokaryote to occur

Answer 12

Starts at the origin of replication (oriC), where a replisome is located

Question 13

replisome

Answer 13

where components of DNA replication are located such as primase, ligase, DNA polymerase etc.

Question 14

Terminus

Answer 14

Prokarytoic replication occurs from both directions toward this

Question 15

attachment

Answer 15

the chromosomes separate and attach to different parts of the cell membrane

Question 15

Cell elongation

Answer 15

cell then lengthens, as a new cell wall is laid down

Question 15

constriction

Answer 15

a Z-ring, which is a FtsZ protein, forms a bunch of protein fibres that tighten up

Question 16

septum

Answer 16

as Z-ring tightens, it co-opts lots of proteins that create a septum

Question 17

Cytokinesis

Answer 17

septum is then cut down the middle, dividing the cell into 2