Chapter 48 Nursing Assessment: Endocrine System VOCAB Flashcards
Aldosterone
potent mineralocorticoid that maintains extracellular fluid volume
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary, produced in the hypothalamus, regulates fluid volume by stimulating reabsorption of water in the renal tubules
Catecholamines
epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine. usually considered neurotransmitters, are hormones when secreted by the adrenal medulla because they are released into the circulation.
Circadian rhythm
an endogenous 24-hour rhythm that can be driven and altered by sleep-wake or dark-light 24-hour (diurnal) cycles
Corticosteroid
hormones synthesized by the adrenal cortex excluding androgens.
Cortisol
most abundant and potent glucocorticoid, is necessary to maintain life and protect the body from stress
Glucagon
synthesized and released from pancreatic α cells and the gut in response to low levels of blood glucose, protein ingestion, and exercise
Growth hormone (GH)
affects the growth and development of all body tissues. It also has numerous biologic actions, including a role in protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism.
Hormones
chemical substances produced in the body that control and regulate the activity of certain target cells or organs
Insulin
the principal regulator of metabolism and storage of ingested carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Islets of Langerhans
The hormone-secreting portion of the pancreas
Melatonin
secretion of this hormone by the pineal gland is increased in response to exposure to the dark and decreased in response to light.
Negative feedback
the most common type of endocrine feedback system and results in the gland increasing or decreasing the release of a hormone
Positive feedback
used to regulate hormone synthesis and release
Thyroxine (T4)
90% of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland
