Chapter 31 Nursing Management: Hematologic Problems VOCAB

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

a deficiency in the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]), the quantity or quality of hemoglobin, and/or the volume of packed RBCs (hematocrit)

Question 2

Aplastic anemia

Answer 2

a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms of primarily B-, T-, or natural killer (NK) cell origin affecting all ages

Question 3

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Answer 3

a grave coagulopathy resulting from the overstimulation of clotting and anticlotting processes in response to disease or injury.

Question 4

Hemochromatosis

Answer 4

an autosomal recessive disease characterized by increased intestinal iron absorption and, as a result, increased tissue iron deposition.

Question 5

Hemolytic anemia

Answer 5

an anemia caused by destruction of RBCs at a rate that exceeds production.

Question 6

Hemophilia

Answer 6

hereditary bleeding disorders caused by defective or deficient clotting factors.

Question 7

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 7

a malignant condition characterized by proliferation of abnormal giant, multinucleated cells, called Reed-Sternberg cells, which are located in lymph nodes.

Question 8

Iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 8

a microcytic hypochromic anemia caused by inadequate supplies of iron needed to synthesize hemoglobin; characterized by pallor, fatigue, and weakness.

Question 9

Leukemia

Answer 9

a broad term given to a group of malignant diseases characterized by diffuse replacement of bone marrow with proliferating leukocyte precursors.

Question 10

Lymphomas

Answer 10

malignant neoplasms originating in the bone marrow and lymphatic structures resulting in the proliferation of lymphocytes.

Question 11

Megaloblastic anemias

Answer 11

a group of disorders caused by impaired DNA synthesis and characterized by the presence of large red blood cells.

Question 12

Multiple myeloma

Answer 12

a condition in which malignant neoplastic plasma cells infiltrate the bone marrow and destroy bone.

Question 13

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

Answer 13

a group of related hematologic disorders characterized by a change in the quantity and quality of bone marrow elements.

Question 14

Neutropenia

Answer 14

an abnormal reduction of the neutrophil count to <1000/µL.

Question 15

non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs)

Answer 15

a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms of primarily B-, T-, or natural killer (NK) cell origin affecting all ages

Question 16

Pernicious anemia

Answer 16

a progressive megaloblastic macrocytic anemia resulting from inadequate gastric secretion of intrinsic factor necessary for absorption of cobalamin.

Question 17

Polycythemia

Answer 17

an abnormal condition with excessive levels of red blood cells.

Question 18

Sickle cell disease (SCD)

Answer 18

a group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte.

Question 19

Thalassemia

Answer 19

an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of inadequate production of normal hemoglobin.

Question 20

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 20

a reduction of the platelet count.