Chapter 47 Respiratory System

Question 1

how do fish obtain oxygen from water?

Answer 1

through their gills

Question 2

how do birds obtain oxygen?

Answer 2

channel air through very tiny air vessels called parabronchi

Question 3

how do mammals obtain oxygen?

Answer 3

inhaled air passes through the larynx, glottis, and trachea, packed with millions of alveoli

Question 4

how does gas exchange happen?

Answer 4

the gases diffuse into the aqueous layer covering the epithelial cells that line the respiratory organs

Question 5

whats the importance of gas exchange?

Answer 5

one of the major physiological challenges facing all multicellular animals is obtaining sufficient oxygen and disposing of excess carbon dioxide

Question 6

what can increase gas exchange?

Answer 6

the environment and exercise

Question 7

what is the structure and function of hemoglobin?

Answer 7

consists of four polypeptide chains: two a and two b, each heme group has a central iron atom that can bind a molecule of o2, loads up with oxygen in the lungs

Question 8

how do oxygen and co2 get in and out of the lungs?

Answer 8

when the blood passes through pulmonary capillaries, the reactions are reversed, the result is co2 gas which is exhaled, other gases are also transported by hemoglobin