Chapter 47

Question 1

Levels of Biodiversity

Answer 1

Genetic Diversity
Species Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity

Question 2

Genetic Diversity

Answer 2

amount of genetic variation that occurs within & between population

Question 3

Species Diversity

Answer 3

the number & relative abundance of species in a community

Question 4

Ecosystems Diversity

Answer 4

diversity of structure & function within an ecosystem

Question 5

Hypothesis for species diversity affect on ecosystem

Answer 5

Diversity-stability
Redundancy Hypothesis
keystone hypothesis
idiosyncratic hypothesis

Question 6

Diversity-stability Hypothesis

Answer 6

species rich communities are more stable than those with fewer species

Question 7

Redundancy Hypothesis

Answer 7

most species are redundant, they take up space but do not add to diversity

Question 8

Keystone Hypothesis

Answer 8

ecosystems function plummets as soon as biodiversity declines from its natural level

Question 9

Idiosyncratic Hypothesis

Answer 9

ecosystem changes unpredictably as the number of species changes

Question 10

Main causes for extinction

Answer 10

• invasive species
• direct exploitation
• habitat destruction
• global warming
• loss of genetic diversity

Question 11

Invasive species

Answer 11

species are moved by humans from a native location to another location usually for agricultural purposes

Question 12

Direct Exploitation

Answer 12

hunting of animals (can cause extinction)

Question 13

Habitat destruction

Answer 13

deforestation, planting agriculture, urbanization

Question 14

Global warming

Answer 14

human induced climate change

Question 15

Loss of genetic diversity

Answer 15

inbreeding-health usually very poor in offspring

Question 16

Global Conservation Strategies

Answer 16

• Megadiversity countries
• Areas rich in endemic species
• Representative habitats

Question 17

Megadiversity countries

Answer 17

targeted b/c they have the greatest number of species (Brazil, Indonesia, Columbia)

Question 18

Areas rich in endemic species

Answer 18

focuses on areas that have endemics or species that are only in a particular area and no where else
-focus on hot spots

Question 19

Hot spots

Answer 19

regions that are biologically diverse and under threat of destruction
EX: rain forest

Question 20

Representative Habitats

Answer 20

conserve representatives of all major habitats

EX: prairies

Question 21

Single Species Approach

Answer 21

focuses on saving species that are deemed to be important

• indicator species
• umbrella species
• keystone species
• flagship species

Question 22

Indicator Species

Answer 22

species whose status provides information on the overall health of an ecosystem
EX: corals

Question 23

Umbrella Species

Answer 23

protecting them would protect many other species existing in the same habitats
EX: northern spotted owl

Question 24

Keystone Species

Answer 24

species within a community that have a special role

EX: beavers alter community by building dams

Question 25

Flagship Species

Answer 25

single large or instantly recognizable species

EX: american buffalo & giant panda

Question 26

Approaches to habitat restoration

Answer 26

complete restoration
rehabilitations
Ecosystem replacement

Question 27

Complete Restoration

Answer 27

attempt to put back exactly what was there prior to disturbance

Question 28

Rehabilitation

Answer 28

return to something similar but less than full restoration

Question 29

Ecosystem replacement

Answer 29

replaces original ecosystem with a different one

EX: deciduous forest replaced after miming by grassland