Chapter 20 & 21

Question 1

Characteristics to ID species

Answer 1

morphological traits
reproductive isolation
molecular features
ecological factors

Question 2

Reproductive isolating mechanisms

Answer 2

mechanisms that prevent interbreeding between species (prezygotic and postzygotic barriers)

Question 3

Prezygotic barriers

Answer 3

habitat isolaiton 
temporal isolation
behavior isolation 
mechanical 
gametic

Question 4

Postzygotic barriers

Answer 4

hybrid inviability
hybrid sterility
hybrid breakdown

Question 5

Cladogenesis

Answer 5

division of a species into 2 or more species

Question 6

Allopatric speciation

Answer 6

most prevalent for cladogensis–> occurs when members of a species become geographically separated

Question 7

Sympatric speciation

Answer 7

occurs when members of a species that are within the same range diverge into 2 or more different species even though there is no physical barriers to interbreeding

Question 8

Taxonomy

Answer 8

science of describing, naming & classifying living & extinct organisms

Question 9

Systematics

Answer 9

study of diversity & evolutionary relationships among organism, both extinct and modern

Question 10

Domains of life

Answer 10

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

Question 11

Taxonomic groups

Answer 11

domain 
supergroups
kingdoms
phylums
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 12

Supergroup

Answer 12

include the animal & fungal kingdom & related protists

Question 13

Phylogenic tree

Answer 13

describes evolutionary relationships among various species

Question 14

Cladistic Approach

Answer 14

study & classification of species based on evolutionary relationships

Question 15

Molecular clock

Answer 15

if neutral mutations occur at a constant rate they can be used to measure evolutionary time (not perfectly linear overtime)

Question 16

Morphological traits

Answer 16

physical characteristic of an organism

Question 17

Reproductive isolation

Answer 17

prevents one species from successfully interbreeding with other species

Question 18

Molecular features

Answer 18

compare features to identity similarities & differences among different populations

Question 19

Ecological factors

Answer 19

variety of factors related to an organisms habitat can be used to distinguish one species form another

Question 20

Habitat isolation

Answer 20

geographical barrier prevents contact

Question 21

temporal isolation

Answer 21

reproduce at different times of the day or year

Question 22

mechanical isolaiton

Answer 22

size or incompatible genitalia prevents mating

Question 23

gametic isolation

Answer 23

gametes fail to unit

Question 24

Hybrid inviability

Answer 24

fertilized egg cannot progress past an early embryo

Question 25

Hybrid sterility

Answer 25

interspace hybrid viable but sterile

Question 26

Hybrid breakdown

Answer 26

hybrids viable & fertile but subsequent generations have genetic abnormalities