Chapter 45 & 46

Question 1

Community

Answer 1

assemblage of many populations that live in the same place at the same time

Question 2

Community Ecology

Answer 2

studies how groups of species interact and form functional communities

Question 3

Species richness

Answer 3

number of species in each community–varies according to geographical range

Question 4

Hypotheses to explain species richness

Answer 4

Species-Time
Species-Area
Species-Productivity
Diversity-Stability

Question 5

Species-Time Hypothesis

Answer 5

Communities diversify or gain species with time

Question 6

Species-Area Hypothesis

Answer 6

larger areas have more species b/c they can support larger populations & greater range of habitats

Question 7

Species-Productivity Hypothesis

Answer 7

greater production of plants results in greater overall species richness

Question 8

Diversity-Stability Hypothesis

Answer 8

species-rich communities are more stable than those with few species

Question 9

Succession

Answer 9

the gradual & continuous change in species composition of a community following a disturbance (primary & secondary)

Question 10

Primary Succession

Answer 10

succession on a newly exposed site that has no biological legacy in terms of plans, animals, microbes
EX: bare ground for volcanic eruption

Question 11

Secondary Succession

Answer 11

succession on a site that has already supported life but has undergone a disturbance
EX: fire, tornado, hurricane, flood

Question 12

Facilitation

Answer 12

species replacement facilitated (made easier) by previous colonists

Question 13

Inhabitation

Answer 13

early colonies prevent colonization by other species

Question 14

Tolerance

Answer 14

species replacement is unaffected by previous colonists

Question 15

Ecosystems

Answer 15

relating to a community of organisms in an area plus the physical environment affecting that community

Question 16

Ecosystem ecology

Answer 16

concerned with the movement of energy & materials through organisms & their communities

Question 17

Food chain

Answer 17

linear depiction of energy flow with each organism feeding on & deriving energy from the preceding organism
-trophic levels

Question 18

Food web

Answer 18

a complex model of interconnecting food chains in which there are multiple links among species

Question 19

Autotrophs

Answer 19

harvest light or chemical energy & store it in carbon bonds

Question 20

Heterotrophs

Answer 20

eat other organism

• Herbivores
• Carnivores

Question 21

Pyramids of energy

Answer 21

shows the rate of energy production

-laws of thermodynamics ensure that the highest amounts of free energy are found at the lowest trophic levels

Question 22

Biomagnification

Answer 22

tendency of certain chemicals to accumulate or build up within food chains

Question 23

Biogeochemical Cycles

Answer 23

Phosphorus cycle
Carbon cycle
nitrogen cycle
water cycle

Question 24

Phosphorus Cycle

Answer 24

all living organism require phosphorus which is incorporated into ATP, DNA, RNA & essential minerals for healthy skeleton

Question 25

Carbon Cycle

Answer 25

movement of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms & back again

Question 26

Nitrogen Cycle

Answer 26

limiting nutrient b/c it is essential component of proteins, nucleic acids & chlorophyll

5 Parts:

• nitrogen fixation
• nitrification
• assimilation
• ammonification
• denitrification

Question 27

Water cycle

Answer 27

very little of the water that cycles through the ecosystem is chemically changed by any of the cycles components