Chapter 46 - Obstretrics

Question 1

After a few days of cell division what develops

Answer 1

Morula - a ball of cells

Inner layer = blastocysts
Outer layer = trophoblast cells

Question 2

Around what day does implantation occur?

Answer 2

Day 12

Question 3

What do the trophoblasts make for the embryo?

Answer 3

Placenta
Amniotic sac
Umbilical cord

Question 4

What do blastocyst cells develop into?

Answer 4

The embryo itself

Question 5

5 functions of placenta?

Answer 5

1. Transfer of gases
   - by way of diffusion through placental membrane
2. Transport nutrients
   - glucose, K+, Na+, Cl-, fatty acids
3. Excretion of wastes
   - urea, uric acid, creatine (osmosis)
4. Hormone production
   - temporary endocrine gland
   - secretes estrogen and progesterone
5. Formation of a barrier
   - meds that easily cross: steroids, narcotics, anesthetics, some antibiotics

Question 6

Anatomy of the umbilical cord?

Answer 6

Connects with placenta

Average 55cm long, 1-2 cm diameter

2 arteries undersaturated blood leaves fetus
1 vein with oxygenated blood returns to fetus

Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus

Question 7

Ductus venosus

Answer 7

Continuation of umbilical cord

Serves as a shunt from blood returning to bypass immature liver of embryo

Blood empties directly into inferior vena cava

Question 8

Foramen ovale

Answer 8

Shunt from the right atrium into the left atrium

Helps blood flow bypass lungs

Question 9

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 9

Connects pulmonary artery to aorta

Helps blood flow bypass lungs from pulmonary artery into descending aorta through the 2 arteries and into the placenta for O2

Question 10

Amniotic fluid is made of?

Answer 10

Fetal urine and placenta
Fetal respiratory tract secretions
Fetal skin secretions
Amniotic membrane secretions

Question 11

Amniotic fluid amount at birth

Answer 11

1 L

Question 12

Embryo duration?

Answer 12

First 8 weeks

Question 13

Fetal duration

Answer 13

9 weeks - birth

Question 14

GTPAL

Answer 14

Gravida
Term
Preterm
Abortions
Living

Question 15

Amniotic sac serves fetus how?

Answer 15

Protects from jarring injuries

Permits feral movement

Maintains constant temperature

Question 16

When does conception occur?

Answer 16

15 days after 1st day of LMP

Question 17

Naegle’s rules?

Answer 17

Estimated date of confinement

(LMP - 3 months) + 7 days = due date

Question 18

Uterus maternal development

Answer 18

Increase in size 1kilo at term
Palpated suprapubically by 12 weeks
Reaches umbilicus by 20 weeks

Question 19

Cervix maternal changes

Answer 19

Increase blood flow causes

• pelvic congestion
• edema

Results in softening and bluish color change (Chadwick’s sign)

Question 20

Zygote?

Answer 20

Newly fertilized ovum