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Mosby's Paramedic Book > Chapter 11 - General Principles of Pathophysiology Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - General Principles of Pathophysiology Vocabulary Flashcards

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0
Q

Acid-base balance

A

The body’s balance between acidity and alkalinity

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1
Q

Acid

A

A compound that yields hydrogen ions one disassociated

a pH less than 7

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2
Q

Acidosis

A

High concentration of hydrogen ions produces a low pH

pH below 7 would be acidotic below 7.35 means below our own low normal range

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3
Q

Active transport

A

A carrier mediated process that can move substances against the concentration gradient

as different from the passive transport (osmosis, oncotic pull and diffusion), this requires energy and is used to transport hormones, nutrients and large molecules across cell membranes.

An example is the role of insulin assist in the entry of the glucose into a cell

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4
Q

Afterload

A

The total resistance against which blood must pump against; also known as peripheral vascular resistance

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5
Q

Aldosterone

A

A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex to regulate the sodium and potassium balance in the blood

It increases kidney reabsorption of sodium, and therefore water, which will increase blood volume

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6
Q

Alkalosis

A

A condition marked by low concentration of hydrogen ions

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7
Q

Allergen

A

Substances that can produce hypersensitivity reaction in the body

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8
Q

Angiotensin I

A

The inactive form of angiotensin, formulated by the stimulation of renin, which is converted to angiotensin II

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9
Q

Angiotensin II

A

A potent vasoconstrictor; stimulate aldosterone

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10
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

A

An enzyme mostly found in the lungs that participates in the body’s renin angiotensin system, which mediates extracellular volume and arterial vasoconstriction

In ACE inhibitor would help prevent hypertension if it was caused by Renin and kidney problems

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11
Q

Anuria

A

The inability to urinate; the cessation of urine production; a diminished urinary output of less than 100 to 250 mL per day

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12
Q

Arteriolar capillaries

A

The end of the capillaries closest to the arterials

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13
Q

Arteriovenous anastomosis

A

A vessel that allows blood to flow from arteries to veins without passing through capillaries; also known as atriovenous shunt

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14
Q

Bivalent cation

A

An ion with 2 positive charges

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15
Q

Capillary sphincter

A

Small close of smooth muscle which encircle the capillary

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16
Q

Carrier molecule

A

A protein that combines with solutes on one side of the membrane, transporting the solute to the other side; it is used in mediated transport mechanisms

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16
Q

Cathartics

A

A substance that accelerates defecation

Any release or clearing out so a good cry can be cathartic

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17
Q

Electrolytes

A

Charged particles that conduct electrical impulses

18
Q

Ascites

A

An abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes usually the result of liver failure

19
Q

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

A

The fluid found outside the cells, including that in the intravascular and interstitial compartments

20
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

A carrier mediated process that moves substances into or out of the cell from a high to a low concentration gradient

20
Q

Hypernatremic

A

A term describing a higher than normal concentration of sodium in the blood

21
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process of maintaining an internal balance or equilibrium. Our internal environment requires a set temperature range, proper nutrients, fluid balance, electrolytes, acid base balance, oxygen, etc.

21
Q

Hypernatremic dehydration

A

The loss of more water than sodium

22
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

A solution that has a higher than normal concentration of solutes (salts or sugar) and a lower water concentration than that inside of the cell

23
Q

Hyponatremic

A

It term used to describe a lower than normal concentration of sodium in the blood

24
Q

Hyponatremic dehydration

A

A Loss of more sodium than water

26
Q

Intracellular fluid (ICF

A

The fluid found in all body cells

we will call this cytoplasm

27
Q

Interstitial fluid (IF)

A

Fluid of the occupies the space outside the blood vessels and/or outside the cells of an organ or tissue

28
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

A solution with lower than normal concentration (and a higher water concentration) of solutes than that inside of a cell

30
Q

Isotonic dehydration

A

Excessive loss of sodium and water in equal amounts

31
Q

Mediated transport mechanisms

A

Mechanisms that use carrier molecules to move large, water-soluble molecules or electrically charged molecules across cell membranes

33
Q

Isotonic solution

A

A balanced salt solution like normal saline

34
Q

Oliguria

A

A diminished capacity to form or pass urine

35
Q

Osmolality

A

The osmotic pressure of a solution

36
Q

Osmosis

A

The process by which water is pulled towards a salt or sugar in the body. Or, the characteristic of salt and sugars (solutes or crystalloids) to pull water (solvent) toward them.

37
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The theoretical pressure or force required to prevent osmosis

37
Q

Partial pressure

A

Pressure exerted by a single gas

PO2 = 21% room air

39
Q

Pitting Edema

A

Observable indentation of body tissue that persists after apply pressure to an area swollen from fluid accumulation

40
Q

Post capillary sphincter

A

The sphincter at the Venous end of the capillary

41
Q

Precapillary sphincter

A

Sphincter at the arterial end of the capillary

43
Q

Tetany

A

Muscle twitching

44
Q

Total pressure

A

In any mixture of gases, the combination of the pressures exerted by all gases.

760 torr at sea level

45
Q

Solutes

A

Substances dissolved in solution

46
Q

Toxic shock syndrome

A

A severe, acute disease caused by infection with strains of staphylococcus aureus

47
Q

Venous capillaries

A

The end closest to the venules of the capillaries

Mosby's Paramedic Book (8 decks)

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