Chapter 46: Animal Reproduction Flashcards
What is spermatogenesis?
Meiosis for sperm
What are spermatids?
Spermatogonium that go to the center when they’ve matured
What part of the sperm allows it to break through the egg’s membrane?
Acrosome
What powers the mitochondria to power the swimming of the sperm tail?
ATP
What is needed in the midpiece that allows the tail to move?
Microtubules with motor proteins
What would most likely happen if a sperm had a mutation in the mid piece?
Have trouble with flagellar movement
What are follicles?
Sacs that surround the egg while it’s inside the ovaries
What happens when the follicle exits the ovaries?
It does Oogenesis
What is Oogenesis?
While inside the ovaries:
- Mitosis (she is still an embryo)
- Prophase of Meiosis I
^follicle growing and growing
- Completion of Meiosis I (puberty starts)
^follicle matured
Exited the ovaries:
- Begin Meiosis II
^follicle ruptures and egg exits
- Completion of Meiosis II
^egg is fertilized
What is the end product of Oogenesis?
Two daughter cells, one huge and one puny (cannot be fertilized)
True or false:
Oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis begins during embryonic development.
False
True or false:
Cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis.
True
True or false:
Oogenesis ends a menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth.
False
True or false:
Oogenesis produces four functional haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoa.
False
Oogenesis: 1
Spermatogenesis: 4
List and describe the 5 steps of fertilization
- Ovulation:
- mature egg is released from ovary
- Fertilization:
- sperm swim up the Fallopian tube and fertilize the egg
- Cleavage:
- Mitosis occurs
- Cleavage continues:
- Egg looks like a bag of grapes (more mitosis)
- Implantation:
- Fluid filled cavity inside the egg adheres to the wall of the uterus (pregnant)
