Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Question 1

What is a homologous pair?

Answer 1

Pair of duplicated chromosomes

XX = homologous pair
(Only diploid has homologous pairs)

Haploid = ( X  x )     ( | ' )
Diploid = ( XX xx )   ( || '' )

Question 2

What does haploid mean?

Answer 2

Not a homologous pair

Can be single, can be duplicated (sisters), but doesn’t have a homologous pair (one from mama, one from papa)

Haploid = ( X  x )     ( | ' )
Diploid = ( XX xx )   ( || '' )

Question 3

What does diploid mean?

Answer 3

A homologous pair
(Not sisters! One from mama, one from papa)

Two complete sets of chromosomes
(one from mama, one from papa)

Haploid = ( X  x )     ( | ' )
Diploid = ( XX xx )   ( || '' )

Question 4

What is a somatic cell? Is it haploid or diploid?

Answer 4

Any cell of an organism that isn’t a reproductive cell

• diploid
• 2n

Question 5

What is a gamete? Is it haploid or diploid?

Answer 5

Reproductive cell of an organism

• haploid
• n = 23

Question 6

Egg and sperm are ______.

Zygotes are ______.

Answer 6

n = 23
2n = 46

Question 7

What is a karyotype?

Answer 7

Number of chromosomes and chromatids visible

Question 9

What is the goal of Meiosis I?

Answer 9

Separate homologous pairs

XX in parent cell becomes X in each daughter cell

Question 10

What is the goal of Meiosis II?

Answer 10

Sister chromatids separate

- haploid

Question 11

What’s the difference between prophase in mitosis vs prophase in Meiosis I?

Answer 11

Mitosis - chromosomes getting ready for metaphase

Meiosis I - one set of chromosomes finds another set of chromosomes, forms a homologous pair, and crossing may occur

Question 12

What is synapsis?

Answer 12

Crossing over

Question 13

Are human cells haploid or diploid?

Answer 13

Diploid

Question 14

What is independent assortment?

Answer 14

Chromosomes independently line up in any order

Question 15

What is the chiasmata?

Answer 15

Point of crossing over