Chapter 45 - Species Interactions and Communities Flashcards
The multidimensional habitat that allows a species to practice its way of life is called a ____.
niche
A ____ species is a species whose impact on its community is much larger than its abundance or biomass would indicate.
keystone
An interaction between species in which both partners benefit is known as a ____.
mutualism
Measuring its costs and benefits in terms of energy spent and/or gained, competition among individuals results in:
a loss for both individuals
A set of populations found in a given place is best described as a:
community
encompasses the physical habitat and
ecological role of a species.
The niche
interactions in which at least one species is harmed. (4 words)
competition, predation, parasitism, and herbivory.
interactions in which both species
benefit.
mutualism
composed of local populations of multiple species that may interact with each other.
Communities
includes the full range of climate conditions and food resources that permit the individuals in a species to live.
fundamental niche
The actual range of habitats occupied by a species
realized niche
reflects that some aspect of the niches of closely related species is similar and so is evolutionarily conserved.
phylogenetic niche conservatism
When one or both sides of a mutualism cannot survive without the other, the association is said to be
obligate
( - / - )
- ex : a grass and a wildflower; each species loses the water, nutrients, and access to sunlight that the other takes.
competition
( + / - )
- ex : arctic foxes and lemmings; foxes benefit from eating lemmings, therefore lemmings lose opportunities to reproduce.
predation
( + / - )
- ex : bison and grass; bison benefit from eating grass, grass loses biomass that is eaten.
herbivory
( + / - )
- ex : tapeworm and human; tapeworms benefit from absorbing nutrients in human intestine, humans lose nutrients.
parasitism
( + / + )
- ex : flowers and bees; flowers gain pollination, bees gain nectar and some pollen.
mutualism
( + / 0 )
- ex : egrets and cattle; egrets benefit from insects being stirred up by cattle, cattle are unaffected.
commensalism
the associations are not so tightly intertwined, and one or both participants can survive without the other.
facultive
in which one partner is harmed with no apparent effect on the other.
For example, the coconut palm and Brazil nut trees are tropical trees that produce heavy nuts that harm animals and plants they land on.
amensalism
competition between individuals of a single species.
intraspecific
Competition can also occur between individuals of different species
interspecific
