Chapter 45 - Species Interactions and Communities

Question 1

The multidimensional habitat that allows a species to practice its way of life is called a ____.

Answer 1

niche

Question 2

A ____ species is a species whose impact on its community is much larger than its abundance or biomass would indicate.

Answer 2

keystone

Question 3

An interaction between species in which both partners benefit is known as a ____.

Answer 3

mutualism

Question 4

Measuring its costs and benefits in terms of energy spent and/or gained, competition among individuals results in:

Answer 4

a loss for both individuals

Question 5

A set of populations found in a given place is best described as a:

Answer 5

community

Question 6

encompasses the physical habitat and
ecological role of a species.

Answer 6

The niche

Question 7

interactions in which at least one species is harmed. (4 words)

Answer 7

competition, predation, parasitism, and herbivory.

Question 8

interactions in which both species
benefit.

Answer 8

mutualism

Question 9

composed of local populations of multiple species that may interact with each other.

Answer 9

Communities

Question 10

includes the full range of climate conditions and food resources that permit the individuals in a species to live.

Answer 10

fundamental niche

Question 11

The actual range of habitats occupied by a species

Answer 11

realized niche

Question 12

reflects that some aspect of the niches of closely related species is similar and so is evolutionarily conserved.

Answer 12

phylogenetic niche conservatism

Question 13

When one or both sides of a mutualism cannot survive without the other, the association is said to be

Answer 13

obligate

Question 14

( - / - )
- ex : a grass and a wildflower; each species loses the water, nutrients, and access to sunlight that the other takes.

Answer 14

competition

Question 15

( + / - )
- ex : arctic foxes and lemmings; foxes benefit from eating lemmings, therefore lemmings lose opportunities to reproduce.

Answer 15

predation

Question 16

( + / - )
- ex : bison and grass; bison benefit from eating grass, grass loses biomass that is eaten.

Answer 16

herbivory

Question 17

( + / - )
- ex : tapeworm and human; tapeworms benefit from absorbing nutrients in human intestine, humans lose nutrients.

Answer 17

parasitism

Question 18

( + / + )
- ex : flowers and bees; flowers gain pollination, bees gain nectar and some pollen.

Answer 18

mutualism

Question 19

( + / 0 )
- ex : egrets and cattle; egrets benefit from insects being stirred up by cattle, cattle are unaffected.

Answer 19

commensalism

Question 20

the associations are not so tightly intertwined, and one or both participants can survive without the other.

Answer 20

facultive

Question 21

in which one partner is harmed with no apparent effect on the other.
For example, the coconut palm and Brazil nut trees are tropical trees that produce heavy nuts that harm animals and plants they land on.

Answer 21

amensalism

Question 22

competition between individuals of a single species.

Answer 22

intraspecific

Question 23

Competition can also occur between individuals of different species

Answer 23

interspecific