Chapter 24 - Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

A large group of single-celled microorganisms.

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

a group of micro-organisms that are similar to, but evolutionarily distinct from bacteria.

Answer 2

Archaea

Question 3

DNA that is present in a circular chromosome and contains DNA or genes.

Answer 3

plasmid

Answer 4

cell wall

Question 5

a complex polymer of sugars and amino acids that make up the cell wall in bacteria.

Answer 5

peptidoglycan

Question 6

• The transfer of genetic material between organisms that are not parent and offspring.
• Major source of genetic diversity in bacteria.

Answer 6

horizontal gene transfer

Question 7

• the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.
• ___ is a type of horizontal gene transfer during which genetic information is transferred from one bacterium to another via a pilus.

Answer 7

conjugation

Question 8

DNA is released into the environment by dead cell donor and is taken up by the recipient cell.

Answer 8

transformation

Question 9

DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell by a virus.

Answer 9

transduction

Question 10

The most diverse bacterial group, defined largely by similarities in rRNA gene sequences; it includes many of the organisms that populate the expanded carbon cycle and other biogeochemical cycles.

Answer 10

proteobacteria

Question 11

Bacteria that retain the dye in there thick peptidoglycan walls are now called ____.

Answer 11

gram-positive bacteria

Question 12

A monophyletic group of bacteria capable of oxygenic photosynthesis.

Answer 12

cyanobacteria

Question 13

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Archaea

Answer 13

Crenarchaeota

Question 14

are members of domain Archaea and include methane-generating, extremely high temperature loving, and also extremely high salt concentration loving members.

Answer 14

Euryarchaeota

Question 15

• the most abundant cells in the deep ocean.
• these archaeons are chemoautotrophs that derive energy from the oxidation of ammonia

Answer 15

Thaumarchaeota

Question 16

an organism that lives in extremely hot environments (such as hot springs) with temperatures around the boiling point of water.

Answer 16

hyperthermophiles

Question 17

A layered structure that records sediment accumulation by microbial communities.

Answer 17

stromatolites

Question 18

The process in which species evolve together, each responding to selective pressures from the other.

Answer 18

coevolution

Question 19

Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota are all examples of:

A. Archaea
B. heterotrophic bacteria
C. Bacteria
D. Algae

Answer 19

A. Archaea

Question 20

___ is a type of horizontal gene transfer during which genetic information is transferred from one bacterium to another via a pilus.

A. Conduction
B. Transduction
C. Transformation
D. Conjugation

Answer 20

D. Conjugation

Question 21

Archaea have been shown to inhabit which of the following environments? (Select ALL that apply)

A. environments with a high salinity
B. environments with extremely high temperatures
C. environments with a pH of 1 or below
D. environments with a low oxygen concentration

Answer 21

A.,B.,C.,D.

Question 22

The most diverse group of bacteria is called the ____.

A. Listeria
B. Archaea
C. Spirochetes
D. Proteobacteria

Answer 22

D. Proteobacteria