Chapter 24 - Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards
A large group of single-celled microorganisms.
Bacteria
a group of micro-organisms that are similar to, but evolutionarily distinct from bacteria.
Archaea
DNA that is present in a circular chromosome and contains DNA or genes.
plasmid
cell wall
a complex polymer of sugars and amino acids that make up the cell wall in bacteria.
peptidoglycan
- The transfer of genetic material between organisms that are not parent and offspring.
- Major source of genetic diversity in bacteria.
horizontal gene transfer
- the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.
- ___ is a type of horizontal gene transfer during which genetic information is transferred from one bacterium to another via a pilus.
conjugation
DNA is released into the environment by dead cell donor and is taken up by the recipient cell.
transformation
DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell by a virus.
transduction
The most diverse bacterial group, defined largely by similarities in rRNA gene sequences; it includes many of the organisms that populate the expanded carbon cycle and other biogeochemical cycles.
proteobacteria
Bacteria that retain the dye in there thick peptidoglycan walls are now called ____.
gram-positive bacteria
A monophyletic group of bacteria capable of oxygenic photosynthesis.
cyanobacteria
A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Archaea
Crenarchaeota
are members of domain Archaea and include methane-generating, extremely high temperature loving, and also extremely high salt concentration loving members.
Euryarchaeota
- the most abundant cells in the deep ocean.
- these archaeons are chemoautotrophs that derive energy from the oxidation of ammonia
Thaumarchaeota
an organism that lives in extremely hot environments (such as hot springs) with temperatures around the boiling point of water.
hyperthermophiles
A layered structure that records sediment accumulation by microbial communities.
stromatolites
The process in which species evolve together, each responding to selective pressures from the other.
coevolution
Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota are all examples of:
A. Archaea
B. heterotrophic bacteria
C. Bacteria
D. Algae
A. Archaea
___ is a type of horizontal gene transfer during which genetic information is transferred from one bacterium to another via a pilus.
A. Conduction
B. Transduction
C. Transformation
D. Conjugation
D. Conjugation
Archaea have been shown to inhabit which of the following environments? (Select ALL that apply)
A. environments with a high salinity
B. environments with extremely high temperatures
C. environments with a pH of 1 or below
D. environments with a low oxygen concentration
A.,B.,C.,D.
The most diverse group of bacteria is called the ____.
A. Listeria
B. Archaea
C. Spirochetes
D. Proteobacteria
D. Proteobacteria
