Chapter 45 Flashcards
Hormones
Chemicals produced by your glands that regulate the activities of different body cells (long distance signaling)
Types of signaling
Endocrine, paracrine, autocrine, neuroendocrine, synaptic
Types of short distance signaling
Paracrine and autocrine
What are the types of glands?
endocrine and exocrine
What are the two classes of hormones?
water and lipid soluble
Endocrine glands
Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream
What are the different endocrine glands?
Pineal, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes
Exocrine glands
Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct
Thyroid hormones
T3, T4, calcitonin
What regulates the thyroid?
hypothalamus
What do thyroid hormones do?
regulate metabolism, growth, and development
Endocrine system
the body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
Posterior pituitary gland
an endocrine gland that contains hormone-secreting terminal buttons of axons whose cell bodies lie within the hypothalamus
Growth hormone
hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of bones; excess causes gigantism and dwarfism
Anterior pituitary gland
an endocrine gland whose secretions are controlled by the hypothalamic hormones
What are blood calcium levels controlled by?
parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D
Adrenal hormones
hormones that are produced by the adrenal glands and that are involved in emotion and stress; cortisol, epinephrine, norephinephrine
Catecholamines
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Corticosteroids
A group of hormones, including cortisol, released by the adrenal glands at times of stress
Types of corticosteroids
glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Reproductive/sex hormones
testes, ovaries
Types of sex hormones
androgens, estrogens, progestins
Androgens
male sex hormones; testosterone
Estrogens
female sex hormones; estradiol
Progestins
female hormones generated in the ovaries; progesterone
