Chapter 44 Med Terms Flashcards
isotonic exercises in which the client moves each joint in the body through its complete range of movement, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over the joint
active ROM exercises
the type and amount of exercise or ADLs an individual is able to perform without experience adverse affects
activity tolerance
refers to a persons routine of exercise, activity, leisure, and recreation.
includes ADLs that require energy expenditure such as hygiene, dressing, cooking, shopping, eating, working, and home maintenance, and the type, quality, and qyantity of exercise, including sports.
activity-exercise pattern
activity during which the amount of oxygen taken in to the body is greater than that used to perform the activity.
aerobic exercise
the act of walking
ambulation
protein synthesis
anabolism
involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream, and anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for a short time.
anaerobic exercise
permanently immobile
ankylosed
loss of appetite that occurs because of the decreased metabolic rate and the increased catabolism that accompanies mobility
anorexia
the collapse of a lobe or of an entire lung
atelectasis
decrease in size
like of muscle
atrophy
the minimal energy expended for the maintenance of these processes, expressed in calories per hour per square meter of the body surface.
basal metabolic rate
foundation on which the body rests
base of support
the act of being confined strictly to bed or “complete bed rest”
or
sometimes the client can have bathroom or bedside commode privileges
meanings vary
bed rest
stones
calculi
protein breakdown
catabolism
the point at which all of the body’s mass is centered
center of gravity
permanent shortening of the muscle
contracture
palpable or audible crackling or grating sensation produced by joint motion and frequently experienced in joints that have suffered repeated trauma over time
crepitation
back lying position without head and shoulders elevated
dorsal position
back lying position with head and shoulders slightly elevated
sometimes used interchangeably with “supine” position
dorsal recumbent position
an object that has moved from its place of origin, causing obstruction to circulation elsewhere
embolus
without muscle tone
flaccid
a joint deformity that occurs in the foot causing a plantar flexion contracture due to a stronger muscle dominating the opposite muscle
foot drop
semi-sitting position in which the head and trunk are raised 45-60 degrees relative to the bed; knees may or may not be flexed
fowler’s position
another goal of exercise, defined as the ability of the body to perform work
functional strength
walk
gait
when the head and trunk are raised 60-90 degrees and most often means the client is sitting upright at a right angle to the bed
high-fowler’s position
enlargement
hypertrophy
This plan tailors exercise mode and dose and address these varying states with each person to ensure greater adherence to an exercise program.
individualized exercise prescriptions
involves muscle contraction or tension against resistance. during this the person tenses (isometric) against resistance.
isokinetic (resistive) exercises
________ exercises are those in which muscle contraction occurs without moving the joint (muscle length doesn’t change)
isometric (static or setting) exercises
_______ exercises are those in which the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement.
isotonic (dynamic) exercises
side- lying position
lateral position
an imaginary vertical line drawn through the body’s center of gravity
line of gravity
a technique used to turn a client whose body must at all times be kept in a straight alignment.
logrolling
an exaggerated anterior/inward curvature of the lumbar spine.
lordosis
________ refers to the sum of all the physical and chemical processes by which living substance is formed and maintained and by which energy is made available for the use by the body.
metabolism
the ability to move freely, easily, rhythmically, and purposefully in the environment.
mobility
when the client sits either in bed or on the side of the bed with an overbed table across the lap
orthopneic position
a decrease in BP related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
orthostatic hypotension
a condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile due to calcium depletion
osteoporosis
of steps taken per minute
pace
paralyzed
paresis
when another person moves each of the clients joints through its complete range of movement, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over each joint.
passive ROM exercises
in the ______ position the client lays on the abdomen with the head turned to one side.
prone
term used to describe awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of position, weight, and resistance of objects in relation to the body.
proprioception
the ___________ of a joint is the maximum movement that is possible for that joint.
range of motion (ROM)
a healthful physiological relaxation that can be elicited through recitation of a word or phrase or prayer while sitting quietly and relaxing; beneficial for counteracting some of the harmful effects of stress on the body and mind.
relaxation response (RR)
when the head and trunk are raised 15-45 degrees
semi- fowlers position
a semi prone position halfway between the lateral and prone positions.
sims’ position- see page 1038
with too much muscle tone
spastic
laying face up without head elevated
supine position
a clot that is loosely attached to an inflamed vein wall.
thrombophlebitis
clot
thrombus
the proper standing position with crutches.
tripod (triangle) position
crutches are placed about 15 cm/6 in in front of the feet and out laterally about 6in.
involuntary urination
urinary incontinence
backward flow [of urine]
urinary reflux
accumulation of urine in the bladder
urinary retention
stoppage or slow down of flow [of urine]
urinary stasis
refers to holding the breath and straining against a closed glottis
Valsalva maneuver
maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation
vital capacity
