Chapter 44 Med Terms

Question 1

isotonic exercises in which the client moves each joint in the body through its complete range of movement, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over the joint

Answer 1

active ROM exercises

Question 2

the type and amount of exercise or ADLs an individual is able to perform without experience adverse affects

Answer 2

activity tolerance

Question 3

refers to a persons routine of exercise, activity, leisure, and recreation.

includes ADLs that require energy expenditure such as hygiene, dressing, cooking, shopping, eating, working, and home maintenance, and the type, quality, and qyantity of exercise, including sports.

Answer 3

activity-exercise pattern

Question 4

activity during which the amount of oxygen taken in to the body is greater than that used to perform the activity.

Answer 4

aerobic exercise

Question 5

the act of walking

Answer 5

ambulation

Question 6

protein synthesis

Answer 6

anabolism

Question 7

involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream, and anaerobic pathways are used to provide additional energy for a short time.

Answer 7

anaerobic exercise

Question 8

permanently immobile

Answer 8

ankylosed

Question 9

loss of appetite that occurs because of the decreased metabolic rate and the increased catabolism that accompanies mobility

Answer 9

anorexia

Question 10

the collapse of a lobe or of an entire lung

Answer 10

atelectasis

Question 11

decrease in size

like of muscle

Answer 11

atrophy

Question 12

the minimal energy expended for the maintenance of these processes, expressed in calories per hour per square meter of the body surface.

Answer 12

basal metabolic rate

Question 13

foundation on which the body rests

Answer 13

base of support

Question 14

the act of being confined strictly to bed or “complete bed rest”
or
sometimes the client can have bathroom or bedside commode privileges

meanings vary

Answer 14

bed rest

Question 15

stones

Answer 15

calculi

Question 16

protein breakdown

Answer 16

catabolism

Question 17

the point at which all of the body’s mass is centered

Answer 17

center of gravity

Question 18

permanent shortening of the muscle

Answer 18

contracture

Question 19

palpable or audible crackling or grating sensation produced by joint motion and frequently experienced in joints that have suffered repeated trauma over time

Answer 19

crepitation

Question 20

back lying position without head and shoulders elevated

Answer 20

dorsal position

Question 21

back lying position with head and shoulders slightly elevated

sometimes used interchangeably with “supine” position

Answer 21

dorsal recumbent position

Question 22

an object that has moved from its place of origin, causing obstruction to circulation elsewhere

Answer 22

embolus

Question 23

without muscle tone

Answer 23

flaccid

Question 24

a joint deformity that occurs in the foot causing a plantar flexion contracture due to a stronger muscle dominating the opposite muscle

Answer 24

foot drop

Question 25

semi-sitting position in which the head and trunk are raised 45-60 degrees relative to the bed; knees may or may not be flexed

Answer 25

fowler's position

Question 26

another goal of exercise, defined as the ability of the body to perform work

Answer 26

functional strength

Question 27

walk

Answer 27

gait

Question 28

when the head and trunk are raised 60-90 degrees and most often means the client is sitting upright at a right angle to the bed

Answer 28

high-fowler's position

Question 29

enlargement

Answer 29

hypertrophy

Question 30

This plan tailors exercise mode and dose and address these varying states with each person to ensure greater adherence to an exercise program.

Answer 30

individualized exercise prescriptions

Question 31

involves muscle contraction or tension against resistance. during this the person tenses (isometric) against resistance.

Answer 31

isokinetic (resistive) exercises

Question 32

________ exercises are those in which muscle contraction occurs without moving the joint (muscle length doesn't change)

Answer 32

isometric (static or setting) exercises

Question 33

_______ exercises are those in which the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement.

Answer 33

isotonic (dynamic) exercises

Question 34

side- lying position

Answer 34

lateral position

Question 35

an imaginary vertical line drawn through the body's center of gravity

Answer 35

line of gravity

Question 36

a technique used to turn a client whose body must at all times be kept in a straight alignment.

Answer 36

logrolling

Question 37

an exaggerated anterior/inward curvature of the lumbar spine.

Answer 37

lordosis

Question 38

________ refers to the sum of all the physical and chemical processes by which living substance is formed and maintained and by which energy is made available for the use by the body.

Answer 38

metabolism

Question 39

the ability to move freely, easily, rhythmically, and purposefully in the environment.

Answer 39

mobility

Question 40

when the client sits either in bed or on the side of the bed with an overbed table across the lap

Answer 40

orthopneic position

Question 41

a decrease in BP related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions

Answer 41

orthostatic hypotension

Question 42

a condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile due to calcium depletion

Answer 42

osteoporosis

Question 43

of steps taken per minute

Answer 43

pace

Question 44

paralyzed

Answer 44

paresis

Question 45

when another person moves each of the clients joints through its complete range of movement, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over each joint.

Answer 45

passive ROM exercises

Question 46

in the ______ position the client lays on the abdomen with the head turned to one side.

Answer 46

prone

Question 47

term used to describe awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of position, weight, and resistance of objects in relation to the body.

Answer 47

proprioception

Question 48

the ___________ of a joint is the maximum movement that is possible for that joint.

Answer 48

range of motion (ROM)

Question 49

a healthful physiological relaxation that can be elicited through recitation of a word or phrase or prayer while sitting quietly and relaxing; beneficial for counteracting some of the harmful effects of stress on the body and mind.

Answer 49

relaxation response (RR)

Question 50

when the head and trunk are raised 15-45 degrees

Answer 50

semi- fowlers position

Question 51

a semi prone position halfway between the lateral and prone positions.

Answer 51

sims' position- see page 1038

Question 52

with too much muscle tone

Answer 52

spastic

Question 53

laying face up without head elevated

Answer 53

supine position

Question 54

a clot that is loosely attached to an inflamed vein wall.

Answer 54

thrombophlebitis

Question 55

clot

Answer 55

thrombus

Question 56

the proper standing position with crutches.

Answer 56

tripod (triangle) position crutches are placed about 15 cm/6 in in front of the feet and out laterally about 6in.

Question 57

involuntary urination

Answer 57

urinary incontinence

Question 58

backward flow [of urine]

Answer 58

urinary reflux

Question 59

accumulation of urine in the bladder

Answer 59

urinary retention

Question 60

stoppage or slow down of flow [of urine]

Answer 60

urinary stasis

Question 61

refers to holding the breath and straining against a closed glottis

Answer 61

Valsalva maneuver

Question 62

maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

Answer 62

vital capacity